Thiamine - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Thiamine + Penicillin

Do not mix in the same syringe thiamine and benzylpenicillin (destruction of the antibiotic).

Thiamine + Dopamine

The solutions are incompatible (can not be mixed in the same syringe).

Thiamine + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampin + Ethambutol

Isoniazid (consisting of a combination of isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol + rifampicin) reduces the effectiveness of vitamin B1 (enhances its excretion).

Thiamine + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Rifampicin

Isoniazid (consisting of a combination of isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampin) reduces the effectiveness of thiamine. You cab buy - Thiamine injection.

Thiamine + Isoniazid + ethambutol + Pyridoxine

Isoniazid (consisting of a combination of isoniazid + ethambutol + pyridoxine) reduces the effectiveness of thiamine (enhances its excretion).

Thiamine + Lanatozid C

Inotropic effect lanatozida C is enhanced by the combined use with thiamine.

Thiamine + Mitoxantrone

Pharmaceutical incompatibility.

Thiamine + A nicotinic acid

Do not mix in the same syringe, thiamine and niacin (destruction of thiamine).

Thiamine + Pyrazinamide Prothionamide + + + Rifabutin [Pyridoxine]

Pyridoxine (consisting of a combination of pyrazinamide protionamid + + + rifabutin [pyridoxine]) pharmaceutically incompatible with thiamine.

Thiamine + pyridoxal phosphate

The solutions are not compatible.

Thiamine + Cyanocobalamin Pyridoxine + + Folic Acid

Cyanocobalamin (consisting of a combination of cyanocobalamin pyridoxine + + folic acid) pharmaceutically incompatible with thiamine.

Thiamine + Pyridoxine

Not recommended simultaneous parenteral administration of thiamine and pyridoxine (vitamin B6): Vitamin B6 impedes conversion of thiamine to a biologically active form.

Thiamine + Pyridoxine

Pyridoxine pharmaceutically incompatible with vitamin B1.

Thiamine + Propranolol

Thiamine is the combined use reduces the pharmacological activity of propranolol.

Thiamine + Reserpine

Thiamine is the combined use reduces the pharmacological activity of reserpine.

Thiamine + Streptomycin

Do not mix in the same syringe thiamine and streptomycin (antibiotics destruction).

Thiamine + suxamethonium iodide

Thiamine is the combined use reduces the pharmacological activity of suxamethonium iodide.

Thiamine + Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital calming effect is reduced while the use of thiamine.

Thiamine + Cyanocobalamin

Not recommended simultaneous parenteral administration of thiamine and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12): Vitamin B12 enhances the allergenic effect of thiamine.

Thiamine + Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is pharmaceutically incompatible with thiamine (as contained in the molecule of cyanocobalamin cobalt ion destroys this vitamin).

The risk of allergic reactions is increased by combined use of cyanocobalamin with thiamine.

Thiamine + ergocalciferol

If concomitant use of thiamine weakens the toxic effect of ergocalciferol.

Thiamine + Emoxypine + [Pyridoxine]

Pyridoxine (consisting of a combination emoxypine + [pyridoxine]) pharmaceutically incompatible with thiamine.

Pyridoxine - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Pyridoxine + azathioprine

Concomitant use of azathioprine with pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + altretamine

Pyridoxine reduces the antitumor effect; co-administration is not recommended.

Pyridoxine + Aminosalicylic acid + Isoniazid

The combination of isoniazid (consisting of a combination of amino salicylic acid + isoniazid) with pyridoxine reduces the risk of peripheral neuritis and adverse reactions from the central nervous system.

Pyridoxine + Hydralazine

Concomitant use of pyridoxine with hydralazine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + Hydroxymethyl-dioxide quinoxaline + Isoniazid

The combination of isoniazid (consisting of a combination Hydroxymethyl-dioxide quinoxaline + isoniazid) with pyridoxine reduces the risk of peripheral neuritis.

Pyridoxine + Glibenclamide + Metformin

Pyridoxine increases the hypoglycemic effect of the combination metformin + glibenclamide.

Pyridoxine + Gliclazide + Metformin

If concomitant use of hypoglycemic effect of the combination of gliclazide + metformin enhances pyridoxine. You can buy - Pyridoxine injection.

Pyridoxine + glimepiride

Pyridoxine increases the hypoglycaemic effect of glimepiride.

Pyridoxine + Glutamic acid

Perhaps a combination of pyridoxine with glutamic acid.

Pyridoxine + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide

The combination of isoniazid (consisting of a combination of isoniazid + pyrazinamide) with pyridoxine reduces the risk of peripheral neuritis.

Pyridoxine + Isoniazid + Ethambutol

The combination of isoniazid + ethambutol combination with pyridoxine reduces the risk of peripheral neuritis.

Pyridoxine + Isoniazid

The combined application of pyridoxine reduces neurotoxicity of isoniazid and the risk of peripheral neuritis.

Pyridoxine + Biphasic insulin aspart

Pyridoxine increases the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.

Pyridoxine + Insulin biphasic [human genetic engineering]

Hypoglycemic effect of insulin two-phase [of human genetic engineering] strengthens pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine + Insulin biphasic [human semisynthetic]

Hypoglycemic effect of insulin biphasic [human semisynthetic] the combined use enhances pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine + Insulin detemir

Pyridoxine increases the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.

Pyridoxine + Insulin soluble [human genetic engineering]

Pyridoxine increases the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.

Pyridoxine + Insulin soluble [human semisynthetic]

Hypoglycemic effect of soluble insulin [human semisynthetic] the combined use enhances pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine + Insulin isophane [human genetic engineering]

Pyridoxine increases the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.

Pyridoxine + Insulin isophane [human semisynthetic]

Hypoglycemic action-isophane insulin [human semisynthetic] the combined use enhances pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine + Potassium and magnesium aspartate

Perhaps a combination of pyridoxine with potassium and magnesium aspartate.

Pyridoxine + Lanatozid C

Inotropic effect lanatozida C is enhanced by the combined use with pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine + Levodopa + Carbidopa

With simultaneous use of combinations of levodopa + carbidopa with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) carbidopa prevents the action of pyridoxine, which speeds up the metabolism of levodopa to dopamine in peripheral tissues.

Pyridoxine + Levodopa + Entacapone + [Carbidopa]

Perhaps a combination of the combination of levodopa + carbidopa + entacapone with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride).

Pyridoxine + Levodopa

Pyridoxine is not prescribed with levodopa, as weaker antiparkinsonian levodopa activity.

Pyridoxine + mercaptopurine

Concomitant use with mercaptopurine pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + neostigmine

When interacting with neostigmine pyridoxine reduces the activity of pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine + Penicillamine

If concomitant use of penicillamine weakens the effect of pyridoxine.

Concomitant use of penicillamine with pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + prothionamide

To reduce the risk of side effects protionamid combined with intake of vitamin B6 at a dose of 150-300 mg / day.

Pyridoxine + Thiamine

Pyridoxine pharmaceutically incompatible with vitamin B1.

Pyridoxine + Thiamine

Not recommended simultaneous parenteral administration of thiamine and pyridoxine (vitamin B6): Vitamin B6 impedes conversion of thiamine to a biologically active form.

Pyridoxine + chlorambucil

Concomitant use with chlorambucil pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + Cyanocobalamin

Pyridoxine pharmaceutically incompatible with vitamin B12.

Pyridoxine + Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is pharmaceutically incompatible with pyridoxine (as contained in the molecule of cyanocobalamin cobalt ion destroys this vitamin).

Pyridoxine + Cycloserine

The combined application cycloserine weakens the effect of pyridoxine.

Concomitant use with cycloserine pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + Cyclosporine

Concomitant use with cyclosporine pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + Cyclophosphamide

Concomitant use of pyridoxine with cyclophosphamide can cause anemia and neuropathy.

Pyridoxine + ergocalciferol

The combined application of pyridoxine reduces the toxic effects of ergocalciferol.

Pyridoxine + ethionamide

Concomitant use of ethionamide with pyridoxine may cause anemia and neuropathy.

Buspirone - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Buspirone + Alprazolam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Buspirone + Buprenorphine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Buspirone + Valproic acid

Against the background of valproic acid is enhanced CNS depression.

Buspirone + Verapamil + Trandolapril

With simultaneous use of verapamil (consisting of a combination of trandolapril + verapamil) with buspirone increases AUC and Cmax of buspirone "by 3.4 times.

Buspirone + verapamil

With simultaneous use of buspirone and verapamil (inhibitor of CYP3A4) interaction is possible.

Buspirone + Haloperidol

Buspirone (mutually) oppression CNS. You can buy online Haloperidol.

Buspirone + hydroxyzine

Buspirone (mutually) effect; with a joint appointment the dose should be reduced by 50% - a high probability of severe, even fatal, complications.

Buspirone + guanfacine

(Mutually) sedation.

Buspirone + Diazepam

In a joint application of diazepam and buspirone nordiazepama level increases and may increase the risk of side effects: dizziness, headache, nausea.

Buspirone + Diazepam

Buspirone (mutually) effect; against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam increases CNS depression and an increased risk of apnea.

Buspirone + Digoxin

With simultaneous use of buspirone (strongly - 95% - is bound to a protein) may displace from its association with digoxin serum proteins.

Buspirone + Diltiazem

With simultaneous use of buspirone and diltiazem (an inhibitor of CYP3A4) interaction is possible.

Buspirone + diphenhydramine

(Mutually) oppression CNS, may increase the hypnotic effect.

Buspirone + Hypericum perforatum herb extract

In an application with buspirone may increase its action and the appearance of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fear, anxiety, confusion.

Buspirone + Itraconazole

With simultaneous use of itraconazole (an inhibitor of CYP3A4) increases the concentration in plasma buspirone.

Buspirone + Itraconazole

Against the background of itraconazole (blocks biotransformation) significantly increased plasma concentrations of buspirone.

Buspirone + Clonazepam

The potentiation of CNS depression.

Buspirone + Metoclopramide

(Mutually) sedation.

Buspirone + Moclobemide

Described increase in blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertensive crisis after the simultaneous application of buspirone and moclobemide (a reversible MAO inhibitor); in this regard can not be combined with buspirone with moclobemide. It will take at least 14 days after discontinuation of buspirone before the application moclobemide; However, buspirone may be administered on day 1 after the abolition of moclobemide.

Buspirone + Risperidone

When used together, care is needed.

Buspirone + Rifampicin

With simultaneous use of rifampicin (a strong inducer of CYP3A4) accelerate buspirone metabolism and can significantly reduce levels of buspirone in the blood plasma, and reduce its pharmacodynamic effects.

Buspirone + selegiline

Described increase in blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertensive crisis after the simultaneous application of buspirone and selegiline (irreversible MAO inhibitor); in this regard, buspirone can not be combined with selegiline. After the abolition of selegiline before the application of buspirone (and vice versa) should be at least 14 days.

Buspirone + Topiramate

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Buspirone + Tramadol

(Mutually) oppression CNS; the combined appointment is necessary to reduce the dose.

Buspirone + cimetidine

In a joint application of cimetidine and buspirone buspirone Cmax increased by 40%, and its AUC does not change; joint application requires close medical supervision.

Buspirone + Erythromycin

With simultaneous use of erythromycin (an inhibitor of CYP3A4) increases the concentration in plasma buspirone.

Etifoxine - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Etifoxine + Drugs that suppress the central nervous system

The combined application etifoxine potentiates the effect of drugs which depress the central nervous system.

Etifoxine + Opioid analgesics

The combined application etifoxine potentiates the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system opioid analgesics.

Etifoxine + Barbiturates

The combined application etifoxine potentiates the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system of barbiturates.

Alzolam - Active Substances. Instruction and Application, Dosage

Name: Alzolam

The Latin name of the substance Alzolam

Alzolamum (genus. Alzolami)

Therapeutic agents of Alprazolam:

Anxiolytics

The nosological classification (ICD-10)

F32 Depressive episode

F40.0 Agoraphobia
F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder

CAS code - 28981-97-7

Characteristics substance Alprazolam

Anxiolytic, benzodiazepine derivative. White or white with blue polka crystalline powder. Insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol.

Pharmacology

Mode of action - anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, central. You can also like Ovagen.

Application of the Alzolam substance 

Neurosis and psychopathy, accompanied by fear, anxiety, concern; Reactive depression (including on the background of systemic diseases), panic disorder, withdrawal syndrome in patients with alcoholism and drug addiction.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, severe respiratory failure, glaucoma (acute onset), acute liver disease and kidney disease, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy (especially I trimester), breast-feeding, age and 18 years of age.

Alprazolam - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Alprazolam + azelastine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + acrivastine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + amisulpride

In a joint application with amisulpride alprazolam notes expressed increased inhibitory action on CNS.

Alprazolam + amprenavir

Against the background of amprenavir blocked biotransformation increased alprazolam concentration in plasma, increasing the activity and the risk of toxicity.

Alprazolam + aprepitant

The potential effect of alprazolam increase in the plasma concentration (whose metabolism through CYP3A4) should be taken into account with concomitant administration of alprazolam with aprepitant.

Alprazolam + astemizole

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + boceprevir

It must be carried out careful clinical monitoring of cases of respiratory depression and / or prolonged sedation state during simultaneous use of boceprevir with / in the introduction of alprazolam. Needed correction doses of alprazolam.

Alprazolam + Buprenorphine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Buspirone

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + sodium valproate

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Valproic acid

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Valproic acid

Against the background of valproic acid is enhanced CNS depression.

Alprazolam + voriconazole

Voriconazole may cause increased plasma concentrations of alprazolam, which is metabolized by the action of CYP3A4 isoenzyme, and the development of prolonged sedation. With simultaneous use of voriconazole and alprazolam is recommended to evaluate the feasibility of correction dose of alprazolam.

Alprazolam + Haloperidol

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + hydroxyzine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; against the background of the / m dose of alprazolam should be to reduce by 50% (subject to cardiac arrest and death).

Alprazolam + hydroxyzine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; against the background of the / m of hydroxyzine dose of alprazolam should be reduced by 50% - a high probability of severe, even fatal, complications.

Alprazolam + guanfacine

(Mutually) sedation.

Alprazolam + Diazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS, increases the risk of apnea (with on / in the introduction).

Alprazolam + Diazepam

Alprazolam (mutually) oppression CNS; in the background in risk / apnea increases in administration of diazepam.

Alprazolam + Digoxin

Against the backdrop of increased alprazolam concentration in plasma, reduced clearance and / or Vss digoxin, increasing the risk of toxicity.

Alprazolam + Digoxin

Alprazolam digoxin concentration increases due to a decrease in serum clearance and / or Vd digoxin, which can lead to glycoside intoxication.

Alprazolam + Dipotassium clorazepate

(Mutually) effect.

Alprazolam + Diltiazem

Perhaps strengthening effect; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + diphenhydramine

(Mutually) deprimatsiyu (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + diphenhydramine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + droperidol

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Zolpidem

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + imipramine

Against the background of alprazolam increased (by a third) plasma Css imipramine.

Alprazolam + indinavir

Indinavir should not be simultaneously combined with alprazolam.

Alprazolam + Itraconazole

Itraconazole as an inhibitor of CYP3A4 biotransformation slows considerably reduces the clearance increases in the plasma concentration of alprazolam, enhances the effects, including side; concomitant use is contraindicated.

Alprazolam + carbamazepine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Quetiapine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Ketamine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + ketoconazole

Ketoconazole as an inhibitor of CYP3A may significantly reduce the clearance of alprazolam; concomitant use is contraindicated.

Alprazolam + Ketorolac

It reported the development of hallucinations while taking ketorolac in the form of tablets in patients taking alprazolam.

Alprazolam + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + lansoprazole

Concomitant use of clarithromycin (as part of a set of tablets and capsules, clarithromycin + amoxicillin lansoprazole +) with alprazolam (metabolized isoenzyme of CYP3A) is contraindicated.

Alprazolam + clemastine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + Clozapine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Clonazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Codeine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + lamotrigine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + levetiracetam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + lorazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Methohexital

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Metoclopramide

(Mutually) sedation.

Alprazolam + midazolam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Morphine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + oxazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Olanzapine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Omeprazole

Against the background of omeprazole (inhibitor of microsomal oxidation) slows the biotransformation and prolonged effect.

Alprazolam + Paroxetine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; the combined use caution.

Alprazolam + perphenazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + pramipexole

(Mutually) sedation; the sharing of caution.

Alprazolam + primidone

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + promethazine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + promethazine

Alprazolam enhances and prolongs the (mutually) sedation; with a joint appointment must be to reduce the dose.

Alprazolam + Propofol

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Propofol

Alprazolam enhances anesthetic and sedation (mutually) effects; combined with the appointment of possible distinct reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and cardiac output.

Milk thistle fruit extract

The combined application of milk thistle fruit extract that inhibits the cytochrome P450 system, can enhance the effect of alprazolam.

Alprazolam + remiphentanil

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Risperidone

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Risperidone

When used together, care is needed.

Alprazolam + Sertraline

Sertraline 50 mg daily does not inhibit the metabolism of alprazolam, carried out by isoenzyme CYP3A3 / 4. Concomitant use of sertraline and alprazolam should be undertaken with caution.

Alprazolam + Temazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Terfenadine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + tiagabine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + thioridazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Topiramate

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Tramadol

(Mutually) effect; the combined appointment increases the risk of seizures.

Alprazolam + trifluoperazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Phexofenadine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + phenytoin

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Phenobarbital

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Phentanyl

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + fluvoxamine

Against the background of reduced excretion of fluvoxamine (a danger of cumulation) alprazolam.

Alprazolam + Phluconazole

Phluconazole CYP3A inhibitor slows the biotransformation and clearance decreases; co-administration is not recommended.

Alprazolam + Fluoxetine

The combined use of alprazolam and fluoxetine resulted in an increase in the plasma level of alprazolam and reduction of psychomotor activity.

Alprazolam + Phlurazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + fluphenazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + fosamprenavir

When combined with the use of alprazolam fosamprenavir may increase serum concentrations that can lead to an increase in its activity.

Alprazolam + chlordiazepoxide

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + chlorpromazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Chlorprothixenum

(Mutually) oppression CNS; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + Cetirizine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + Cyclosporine

Perhaps strengthening effect, including side; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + cimetidine

Cimetidine increases Cmax (almost 2 times) and T1 / 2 (slightly) reduces Cl (42%) of alprazolam.

Alprazolam + cyproheptadine

(Mutually) deprimation (worsens the functioning of the CNS and reducing the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Alprazolam + cyproheptadine

If concomitant use of alprazolam and cyproheptadine is synergistic effect on the central nervous system, deepens deprimation and decreases the speed of psychomotor reactions.

Alprazolam + enflurane

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + Erythromycin

Slows elimination; combined with the appointment of caution.

Alprazolam + estazolam

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Alprazolam + ethanol

Against the background of enhanced alprazolam effect on the CNS.

Alprazolam + ethosuximide

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Aminophenylbutyric acid - Active Substances. Instruction and Application, Dosage

Name: Aminophenylbutyric acid

The Latin name of the substance Aminophenylbutyric acid

Acidum aminophenylbutyricum (genus. Acidi aminophenylbutyrici)

chemical name gamma-beta-Amino-phenylbutyric acid hydrochloride

Formula - C10H14ClNO2

Therapeutic agents of Aminophenylbutyric acid:

Nootropics
Anxiolytics

The nosological classification (ICD-10)

F10.3 abstinence
F40.9 Phobic anxiety disorder, unspecified
F41.2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
F41.9 Anxiety disorder, unspecified
F42.0 Predominantly obsessional thoughts or reflections
F48 Other neurotic disorders
F48.9 Neurotic disorder, unspecified
F60.2 antisocial personality disorder
F95 Tiki
F98.0 Enuresis inorganic nature
F98.5 Stuttering [hesitation]
G47.0 Disorders of falling asleep and maintaining sleep [insomnia]
H81.0 Ménière's Disease
H81.9 Violation of vestibular function, unspecified
H83.0 Labyrinthitis
R42 Dizziness and disturbance stability
R45.1 Restlessness and agitation
R53 Malaise and fatigue
Motion sickness when moving T75.3
Z100.0 * Anesthesiology and premedication

CAS code - 1078-21-3

Characteristics substance Aminophenylbutyric acid

The white crystalline powder. It is very easily soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, pH water (2.5%) solution was 2.3-2.7.

The chemical structure can be seen as a phenyl derivative of GABA, as well as a phenylethylamine derivative.

Pharmacology

Mode of action - nootropic, anxiolytic.

Influences on GABA receptors in the central nervous system, facilitate GABAergic neurotransmission, improves the bioenergetic processes in the brain. It eliminates tension, restlessness, anxiety, fear, and improves sleep; It extends and enhances the action of hypnotics and antipsychotics, narcotic analgesics. Reduces the symptoms of fatigue and vasovegetative symptoms (including headache, a feeling of heaviness in the head, insomnia, irritability, emotional lability), enhances mental performance; improves attention, memory, speed and accuracy of sensorimotor reactions. When fatigue improves mood, increases interest and motivation activities. Extends latency and reduces the duration and severity of nystagmus.

Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract - a tall, well into all tissues, and the BBB (in brain tissue found around 0.1% of the administered dose, people young and old - much more). It is metabolized primarily in the liver (80-95%) to pharmacologically inactive metabolites. Approximately 5% is excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Not accumulates.

Application of the Aminophenylbutyric acid substance 

Asthenic syndrome, anxiety and neurotic states (worry, anxiety, fear), obsessive-compulsive disorder, insomnia and night anxiety in the elderly, psychopathy, premedication before surgery, otogenny labyrinthitis, vestibular disorders infectious, traumatic and vascular genesis, including Meniere's disease, vertigo, alcohol withdrawal syndrome (in the complex therapy), the prevention of motion sickness when kinetoses; children - stuttering, tics, enuresis.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Restrictions to application

Erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, liver failure, pregnancy, breast-feeding.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding
The caution (not enough clinical experience). In experimental studies found no mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic action.

Category effects on the fetus by FDA - is not defined.

Side effects of Aminophenylbutyric acid substance
Drowsiness, nausea, headache (with the first receptions); strengthening of irritability, agitation, anxiety, dizziness, allergic reactions.

Interaction of Aminophenylbutyric acidsubstance 

Enhance and prolong the effect of hypnotics, antiparkinsonian and antiepileptic drugs, antipsychotic drugs, narcotic analgesics.

Overdose of Aminophenylbutyric acidsubstance
Symptoms: severe drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, hepatic steatosis (receiving more than 7 g), eosinophilia, decreased blood pressure, renal function.

Treatment: gastric lavage, the appointment of activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy.

Dosing and Administration of Aminophenylbutyric acid Substances

Inside. Adults and children over 14 years - by 0.25-0.5 g 3 times a day, if necessary - up to 2.5 g / day, the course of 2-3 weeks. Patients over 60 years - no more than 0.5 g per reception. Children up to 8 years - 0.05-0.01 g, 8-14 years - 0.25 g three times a day. The maximum single dose: adults - 0.75 g, patients older than 60 years - 0.5 g, for children up to 8 years - 0.15 g, 8-14 years - 0.25 g Relief of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: in the first days of treatment 0,25-0,5 g 3 times a day and night to 0.75, with a gradual decrease to a standard dose for adults. Otogennyh labyrinthitis and Meniere's disease in acute: 0.75 g 3-4 times a day for 5-7 days, then at reducing the severity of vestibular disorders at 0.25-0.5 g 3 times a day for 5 7 days, followed by 0.25 g per day for 5 days. In less severe conditions - 0.25 g 2 times a day for 5-7 days and then 1 time a day for 7-10 days. Dizziness dysfunction of the vestibular analyzer vascular and traumatic genesis: 0.25 g 3 times a day for 12 days. Prevention of motion sickness: 0.25-0.5 g once for 1 hour before the intended trip.

Precautions for Aminophenylbutyric acid substance

With prolonged use is necessary to monitor liver function and peripheral blood.

Be wary of during the drivers of vehicles and people skills relate to the high concentration of attention.

Special instructions
Ineffective after the pronounced effects of motion sickness (vomiting, dizziness, etc.).

Trading names of drugs with working Aminophenylbutyric acid substance

Trade Name

Aminophenylbutyric acid
Anvifen
Noofen, Noophen
Phenibut
Phenibut tablets

Diazepam - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Diazepam + Azelastine

Azelastine (mutually) effect on the CNS (central nervous system functioning is deteriorating and decreases the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Diazepam + Alprazolam

Alprazolam (mutually) oppression CNS; in the background in risk / apnea increases in administration of diazepam.

Diazepam + Alprazolam

(Mutually) oppression CNS, increases the risk of apnea (with on / in the introduction).

Diazepam + Amitriptyline

Diazepam (mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + Amprenavir

Amid amprenavir biotransformation blocked increases in blood concentration of diazepam, enhanced activity and toxicity risk.

Diazepam + Atomoxetine

In in vitro studies, atomoxetine did not affect the binding of diazepam to human albumin. Similarly diazepam does not affect the binding to human albumin atomoxetine.

Diazepam + Benzathine benzylpenicillin

Increases free fraction in plasma (has a greater ability to bind to plasma proteins and to displace fixation locations).

Diazepam + Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine (mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam dose should be reduced by at least 1/3 - deepens deprivation and increases the risk of apnea.

Diazepam + Buprenorphine

(Mutually) oppression CNS; simultaneous use can cause respiratory and / or cardiovascular collapse.

Diazepam + Buspirone

Buspirone (mutually) effect; against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam increases CNS depression and an increased risk of apnea.

Diazepam + Buspirone

In a joint application of diazepam and buspirone Nordiazepam level increases and may increase the risk of side effects: dizziness, headache, nausea.

Diazepam + Butorphanol

Butorphanol pharmaceutically incompatible with diazepam.

Diazepam + Sodium valproate

The joint appointment of diazepam and sodium valproate for epilepsy is not possible increase in the frequency and / or severity of seizures grand mal, which may require increased doses of sodium valproate.

Diazepam + Valproic acid

The joint appointment of diazepam and valproic visloty epilepsy it is possible increase in the frequency and / or severity of seizures grand mal, which may require increased doses of valproic acid.

Diazepam + Valproic acid

Against the background of valproic acid nearly doubles the free fraction of blood (shown in healthy volunteers), reduced clearance and Vss.

Diazepam + Venlafaxine

Venlafaxine increases the effect of diazepam.

Diazepam + Haloperidol

Haloperidol (mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam. You can buy online Haloperidol.

Diazepam + Hydroxyzine

Hydroxyzine (mutually) effect; against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam increases CNS depression and an increased risk of apnea.

Diazepam + Hydroxyzine

Diazepam (mutually) oppression CNS; while the appointment of the dose should be reduce by 50% - a high risk of severe, even fatal, complications.

Diazepam + Glipizide

Against the background of diazepam, which has a greater ability to bind to plasma proteins, may increase the effect (hypoglycaemia).

Diazepam + Guanfacine

(Mutually) sedation.

Diazepam + Dexlansoprazol

Noting the absence of clinically significant interactions diazepam with Dexlansoprazol.

Diazepam + Diclofenac + lansoprazole

Lansoprazole (consisting of a combination of Diclofenac + lansoprazole) does not have clinically significant interactions with diazepam.

Diazepam + Disulfiram

Disulfiram may potentiate the sedative effect of diazepam by inhibiting its oxidative metabolism and increase plasma concentrations. Diazepam dosage should be adjusted according to the clinical manifestations.

Diazepam + Diphenhydramine

Against the background of intensified diazepam hypnotic effect of diphenhydramine.

Diazepam + Doxepin

Doxepin diazepam enhances the effect.

Diazepam + Domperidone + Omeprazole

Omeprazole (consisting of a combination of omeprazole + domperidone), being an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, may increase the concentration and reduce the excretion of diazepam (metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome CUR2S19) that in some cases it may require dose reduction.

Diazepam + Droperidol

Droperidol (mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Dutasteride

If concomitant use of dutasteride does not displace diazepam from its association with plasma proteins, and diazepam, in turn, does not displace dutasteride.

Diazepam + Zolpidem

Increases (mutually) effects. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam is enhanced CNS depression and the risk of sleep apnea increases.

Diazepam + Isoniazid

Slowing excretion, increases the concentration in the tissues.

Diazepam + Isoflurane

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Interferon alfa

The combined use of alpha interferon in a solution for injection may alter metabolism of diazepam.

Interferon alfa-2b.

Interferon alpha-2b is able to reduce the activity of cytochrome P450 and thus interfere with the metabolism of diazepam.

Diazepam + Itopride

In an application with diazepam itopride change itopride binding protein was observed.

Diazepam + Itraconazole

Itraconazole biotransformation slows and increases the plasma concentration of diazepam (increases and prolongs the sedative and hypnotic effects).

Diazepam + Potassium chloride +Magnesium chloride + Sodium chloride + Sodium fumarate

The combination of potassium chloride, magnesium chloride + + + sodium chloride, sodium fumarate not preclude the designation of diazepam.

Diazepam + Potassium chloride + Sodium acetate + Sodium chloride

The use of a combination of sodium chloride, potassium + sodium acetate + chloride does not prevent the appointment of diazepam.

Diazepam + carbamazepine

Carbamazepine biotransformation stimulates reduces blood concentration and the T1 / 2. The joint appointment of diazepam and carbamazepine for epilepsy it is possible more frequent seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of carbamazepine.

Diazepam + Quetiapine

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Ketamine

While the use of ketamine, diazepam reduces the risk of psychotomimetic symptoms and motor activity, as well as the occurrence of tachycardia and increase blood pressure.

Diazepam + ketoconazole (ñetoconazole)

Ketoconazole biotransformation slows and increases the plasma concentration of diazepam (increases and prolongs the sedative and hypnotic effects).

Diazepam + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + lansoprazole

In studies in healthy volunteers have demonstrated that lansoprazole metabolism is performed by cytochrome P450, are not characterized by clinically significant interaction with diazepam also metabolized by the cytochrome P450.

Diazepam + Clozapine

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Clonazepam

(Mutually) oppression CNS, however, with a joint appointment with convulsive disorders may increase the frequency and / or severity of seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of clonazepam.

Diazepam + Codeine

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of the on / in an increased risk of apnea diazepam, so the dose should be reduced by at least 1/3.

Diazepam + lamotrigine

The joint appointment of lamotrigine and diazepam in epilepsy it is possible increase in the frequency and / or severity of seizures grand mal, which may require increased doses of lamotrigine.

Diazepam + lansoprazole

It does not change (mutually) effect; permissible combined use.

Diazepam + levetiracetam

The joint appointment of diazepam and levetiracetam with epilepsy can not be ruled more frequent seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of levetiracetam.

Diazepam + Levodopa + Entacapone + [Carbidopa]

Perhaps a combination of the combination of levodopa + carbidopa + entacapone with diazepam.

levocabastine *

There was no amplification action of diazepam using conventional dosage levocabastine nasal spray.

Diazepam + Levocetirizine

In the study of the drug interaction of levocetirizine with diazepam clinically significant adverse interactions have been identified.

Diazepam + Linezolid

Linezolid in the form of a solution for infusions pharmaceutically incompatible with diazepam solution.

Diazepam + lorazepam

It increases the effect. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam increases CNS depression and an increased risk of apnea.

Diazepam + Methohexital

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Metoclopramide

(Mutually) sedation. Against the background of metoclopramide, accelerates the evacuation of the stomach contents, increased absorption of diazepam.

Diazepam + midazolam

Increases (mutually) effects. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam is enhanced CNS depression and the risk of sleep apnea increases.

Diazepam + Mirtazapine

In studies in 12 healthy volunteers, diazepam (15 mg) while the use of mirtazapine (15 mg) has minimal effect on plasma levels of mirtazapine.

However dysmotility caused mirtazapine has been shown to be additive to the called diazepam. Avoid the simultaneous application of diazepam and mirtazapine.

Diazepam + Moclobemide

(Mutually) effect.

Diazepam + Morphine

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of the on / in an increased risk of apnea diazepam, so the dose should be reduced by at least 1/3.

Diazepam + Naproxen + esomeprazole

Esomeprazole inhibits CYP2C19, and the combined use of esomeprazole (which is part of the combination of naproxen + esomeprazole) 30 mg decreases to 45% clearance of diazepam, CYP2C19 substrate. It is unlikely that this interaction is clinically significant.

You do not need to change the dose of esomeprazole in these cases.

Diazepam + oxazepam

It increases the effect. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam increases CNS depression and an increased risk of apnea.

Diazepam + Olanzapine

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Olanzapine

In vivo inhibition was detected olanzapine diazepam metabolism (metabolized mainly isozymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A4).

Diazepam + Omeprazole

As an inhibitor of microsomal oxidation slows elimination of omeprazole and prolongs the effects of diazepam.

Diazepam + Omeprazole

Against the background of omeprazole (inhibitor of microsomal oxidation) slows the biotransformation and prolonged effect of diazepam.

Diazepam + Ornithine

The solutions are incompatible (can not be mixed in the same syringe).

Diazepam + Ornithine

Pharmaceutical incompatibility.

Diazepam + Pantoprazole

Pantoprazole is compatible with the diazepam (metabolized with participation of cytochrome P450 enzyme system).

Diazepam + perphenazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + piroxicam

Against the backdrop of increasing the concentration of piroxicam free fraction in plasma (displaced from its association with proteins) may increase the risk of toxic effects.

Diazepam + pramipexole

Sedative effect; the sharing of caution.

Diazepam + primidone

The joint appointment of diazepam and primidone epilepsy can not be ruled more frequent seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of primidone.

Diazepam + procarbazine

Procarbazine diazepam enhances the effect.

Diazepam + promethazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + promethazine

Diazepam intensifies and prolongs the (mutually) sedation; with a joint appointment must be to reduce the dose.

Diazepam + Propofol

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Propofol

Diazepam increases the anesthetic and sedation (mutually) effects; combined with the appointment of possible distinct reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and cardiac output.

Diazepam + Pegaspargaza

Against pegaspargazy increased free fraction of plasma concentration (displaced from its association with proteins) and can amplify the effect.

Diazepam + Ranitidine

On the background of slowing biotransformation ranitidine and diazepam can amplify the effect.

Milk thistle fruit extract

The combined application of milk thistle fruit extract that inhibits the cytochrome P450 system, can enhance the effect of diazepam.

Diazepam + remifentanil

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of the on / in an increased risk of apnea diazepam, so the dose should be reduced by at least 1/3.

Diazepam + rivastigmine

In healthy volunteers, there was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interaction between rivastigmine with diazepam.

Diazepam + Risperidone

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam; the sharing of caution.

Diazepam + Risperidone

(Mutually) effect; the sharing of caution.

Diazepam + Rifampicin

Inducing microsomal enzyme system accelerates biotransformation, reduces the blood concentration and T1 / 2.

Diazepam + rifapentine

Rifapentine may enhance the metabolism and reduce the activity of diazepam; while the use of rifapentine may require dose adjustment of diazepam.

Diazepam + Rocuronium

Established pharmaceutical incompatibility with rocuronium solutions containing diazepam.

Sertraline *

Sertraline is bound to plasma proteins. It is therefore necessary to consider the possibility of its interaction with diazepam binding to proteins, although studies have not been conducted noted any interaction. Concomitant use of sertraline and diazepam should be undertaken with caution.

Diazepam + Tamsulosin + Finasteride [set]

In vitro diazepam does not change the content of tamsulosin free fraction (consisting of sets of tamsulosin capsules + finasteride tablets) in human plasma. Also tamsulosin (as part of a set of tamsulosin capsules + finasteride tablets) does not change the content of the free fraction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Temazepam

Increases (mutually) effects. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam is enhanced CNS depression and the risk of sleep apnea increases.

Diazepam + Tigecycline

When applying through the T-shaped catheter Tigecycline is incompatible with diazepam.

Diazepam + thioridazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + Topiramate

(Mutually) oppression CNS. The joint appointment of diazepam and topiramate in epilepsy it is possible more frequent seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of topiramate.

Diazepam + trazodone

(Mutually) effect; the combined appointment increases the risk of seizures (can not mix solutions, administered in the same syringe).

Diazepam + Tramadol

(Mutually) effect; the combined appointment increases the risk of seizures (can not mix solutions, administered in the same syringe).

Diazepam + Tranexamic acid

The solutions are not compatible.

Diazepam + trifluoperazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + fabomotizole

Fabomotizole causes increased anxiolytic action of diazepam.

Diazepam + famotidine

On the background of slowing famotidine biotransformation of diazepam.

Diazepam + phenytoin

The joint appointment of diazepam and phenytoin for epilepsy is possible more frequent seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of phenytoin.

Diazepam + Phenobarbital

Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam. (Mutually) oppression CNS, however, with a joint appointment in epilepsy is not excluded more frequent seizures grand mal, which may necessitate increasing the dose of phenobarbital.

Diazepam + Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital accelerates the metabolism of diazepam and leads to an acceleration of its elimination. In a joint application with phenobarbital diazepam anticonvulsant effect is enhanced.

Diazepam + Phentanyl

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of the on / in an increased risk of apnea diazepam, so the dose should be reduced by at least 1/3.

Diazepam + fluvoxamine

Against the background of reduced excretion of fluvoxamine (a danger of accumulation) of diazepam.

Diazepam + Fluoxetine

Concomitant use of diazepam with fluoxetine should be carried out with the minimum therapeutic dose. Application of the minimum therapeutic dose of diazepam is also necessary for 5 weeks after discontinuation of fluoxetine.

With simultaneous use of fluoxetine and diazepam may increase the T1 / 2 of diazepam.

Diazepam + flupirtine

As a result of the interaction in vitro studies flupirtine (has a high degree of association with proteins) with diazepam was found that flupirtine diazepam displaced from binding with plasma proteins, which may lead to increased activity of diazepam.

Diazepam + flurazepam

Increases (mutually) effects. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam is enhanced CNS depression and the risk of sleep apnea increases.

Diazepam + fluphenazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + fosamprenavir

Fosamprenavir should not be administered simultaneously with a substrate of CYP3A4 diazepam having a narrow therapeutic range of concentrations. The combined use of diazepam and antacids may result in competitive inhibition of the metabolism of diazepam and create the conditions for the existence of life-threatening conditions - prolonged sedation or respiratory suppression function.

Diazepam + chlordiazepoxide

(Mutually) effect. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + Chlormadinone + Ethinylestradiol

Ethinyl estradiol (as part of a combination of chlormadinone + ethinyl estradiol) may inhibit the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, and the combined use increase the concentration of diazepam in blood plasma.

Diazepam + chlorpromazine

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + Chlorprothixenum

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of / in the introduction of diazepam increases the risk of apnea.

Diazepam + Cetirizine

(Mutually) effect on the CNS (central nervous system functioning is deteriorating and decreases the speed of psychomotor reactions).

Diazepam + Cetirizine

In the study of drug interactions with cetirizine diazepam clinically significant adverse interactions have been identified.

Diazepam + cimetidine

Cimetidine, as an inhibitor of microsomal oxidation, slows the biotransformation, enhances and prolongs the effect.

Diazepam + cyproheptadine

The combined application of cyproheptadine and diazepam is synergistic deprimatsiya and decreases the speed of psychomotor reactions.

Diazepam + ebastine

Ebastine interacts with diazepam.

Diazepam + esomeprazole

The combined use of esomeprazole (inhibitor of CYP2C19) with diazepam (CYP2C19 substrate) may result in higher plasma concentrations of diazepam, which in turn may require reducing the dose. Thus, when co-administered 30 mg of esomeprazole and diazepam diazepam observed decrease in clearance of 45%.

Diazepam + enflurane

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + eptifibatide

In clinical studies there was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interaction between eptifibatide and diazepam.

Diazepam + Erythromycin

Slows biotransformation increases the concentration in plasma.

Diazepam + estazolam

(Mutually) oppression CNS. Against the background of in / apnea increases the risk of the introduction of diazepam.

Diazepam + ethanol

(Mutually) oppression CNS.

Diazepam + emoxypine

Emoxypine the combined use enhances the action of diazepam.

Diazepam + ethosuximide

The joint appointment ethosuximide and diazepam in epilepsy and it is possible increase in frequency and / or severity of seizures grand mal, which may require increased doses of ethosuximide.

Diazepam + etravirine

The use of etravirine simultaneously with diazepam can increase the concentration of the latter in plasma.

Diazepam - Active Substances. Instruction and Application, Dosage

Name: Diazepam

The Latin name of the substance Diazepam

Diazepamum (genus. Diazepami)

chemical name 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on

Formula - C16H13ClN2O

Therapeutic agents of Diazepam:

Drugs affecting neuromuscular transmission
Anxiolytics
Antiepileptics

The nosological classification (ICD-10)

F05 Delirium, not induced by alcohol or other psychoactive substances
F06 Other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease
F06.4 Organic anxiety disorder
F10.2 alcohol dependence syndrome
F10.3 abstinence
F10.4 abstinent state with delirium
F10.5Alcoholic psychosis
F11 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of opioids
F20 Schizophrenia
F29 Unspecified Inorganic psychosis
F32 Depressive episode
F34.1 Dysthymia
F40.0 Agoraphobia
F40.2 Specific (isolated) phobias
F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
F43.0 Acute stress reaction
F43.1 Post-traumatic stress disorder
F43.2 Disorder adaptive reactions
F44 Dissociative [conversion] disorders
F45 Somatoform disorders
F51.0 Insomnia inorganic etiology
F60 Specific personality disorders
F63 Disorders of habit and impulse
F95 Tiki
G40 Epilepsy
G41 Status epilepticus
G47.0 Disorders of falling asleep and maintaining sleep [insomnia]
G83.9 Paralytic syndrome, unspecified
L29 Itching
L30.9 Dermatitis, unspecified
M13.0 Polyarthritis, unspecified
M13.9 Arthritis, unspecified
M60 Myositis
M62.4 Contracture of muscle
M71 Other bursopathies
N94.3 syndrome premenstrual tension
N95.1 menopausal and menopausal status of women
O15 Eclampsia
O62.9 Violation of labor, unspecified
R25.2 Cramp and spasm
R25.8.0 hyperkinesia
R32 Urinary incontinence unspecified
R45.1 Restlessness and agitation
R45.4 Irritability and anger
R45.7 State of emotional shock and stress, unspecified
R51 Headache
T14.9 Injury, unspecified
Z100 * CLASS XXII Surgical practice

CAS code - 439-14-5

Characteristics substance Diazepam
Anxiolytic, benzodiazepine derivative.

White or white with a slight yellowish tint, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 284.74. Practically insoluble in water, it is soluble in alcohol, insoluble in chloroform.

Pharmacology

Mode of action - anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, central, sedative, hypnotic.

It interacts with specific benzodiazepine receptors located in the postsynaptic GABAA receptor complex in the brain's limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, ascending activating reticular formation of the brain stem and neurons of lateral horns of the spinal cord. It increases the sensitivity of GABA receptors to neurotransmitter (GABA) that causes the increase in the frequency of opening the channels in the plasma membrane of neurons to incoming currents chlorine ions. The result is increased inhibitory effects of GABA interneurons and inhibition of transfer in the CNS.

The anxiolytic activity is shown the ability to stop internal anxiety, fear, anxiety, stress. It has anti-panic and amnestic (predominantly with parenteral use) action.

In the treatment of sleep disorders diazepam use as a hypnotic expedient in those cases where it is desirable to simultaneously get anxiolytic action during the day. You can also like Cerluten.

Central muscle relaxant effect is due to inhibition of polysynaptic spinal reflexes.

It has a pronounced anticonvulsant effect is applied for the treatment of epilepsy convulsions, mental equivalents for edema epileptic status.

In acute alcohol withdrawal eases symptoms such as agitation, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, and also reduces the likelihood of developing or signs emerged of acute delirium, including hallucinations.

Effective in a parenteral administration in adults in acute conditions involving psychomotor agitation, convulsions and other.

Sedation occurs several minutes after the on / in the introduction and in 30-40 minutes after i / m. After removal of the acute manifestations of the disease diazepam appointed interior.

In practice anesthetics used to reduce fear, anxiety, stress and reduce the acute stress response in the preoperative period and complex, including diagnostic, intervention in therapy and surgery. In the latter case, it may weaken memories of the patient of the procedure (cardioversion, cardiac catheterization, endoscopic procedures, reduction of dislocation and repositioning bone fragments, biopsies, dressing burn wounds, etc.).

Diazepam enhances the effectiveness of induction of anesthesia (premedication with diazepam may decrease the dose of fentanyl required to cause effect at induction of anesthesia, and reduce the time to turn off the mind with the help of induction doses).

Increases pain threshold, has antiarrhythmic effect, lowers blood pressure (with the rapid on / in the introduction). It reduces nocturnal gastric acid secretion. It has the ability to impede the outflow of intraocular fluid or increase its secretion and, thus, increase intraocular pressure.

In experimental studies have shown that diazepam LD50 ingestion of 720 mg / kg (mouse) and 1240 mg / kg (rats).

reproduction study in rats receiving diazepam at doses of 1, 10, 80 and 100 mg / kg orally for 60-228 days prior to hybridization showed that at doses of 100 mg / kg was observed decrease in the number of pregnancies and offspring survival (possibly due to sedation action, resulting in a decrease of interest in mating and rearing of offspring). Doses less than 100 mg / kg had no effect on neonatal survival.

A study in rabbits when receiving diazepam at doses of 1, 2, 5 and 8 mg / kg with the 6 th to the 18 th day of pregnancy showed no adverse effects on reproduction and teratogenicity.

Once inside quickly and well (about 75% of the dose) is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After the / m of absorbed completely, but more slowly than when taken orally (the rate of absorption depends on the site of administration, greatest - when injected into the deltoid muscle). Rectal administration of diazepam solution is rapidly absorbed. Cmax in the blood is reached after 0.5-2 hours (when taken orally), 0.5-1.5 hours (with the / m introduction). The equilibrium concentration in the blood is achieved with daily intake after 5 days - 2 weeks. Treated biotransformation (diazepam 98-99%) in the liver with the formation of pharmacologically active metabolites: dezmetildiazepama (nordiazepama), oxazepam and temazepam. Diazepam and its active metabolites bind to plasma proteins (diazepam 98%), pass through the blood-brain barrier, the placenta, into breast milk (found at a concentration of 1/10 of the maternal plasma concentrations in breast milk). Diazepam volume of distribution at steady state of 0.8-1.0 l / kg. Period poluraspredeleniya diazepam -. To 3.2 hours T1 / 2 in adults is 20-70 hours (diazepam), 30-100 hours (nordiazepam) 9,5-12,4 (temazepam), 5-15 hours (oxazepam) . T1 / 2 can be prolonged in neonates, patients elderly, patients with liver disease. T1 / 2 is not measurable

Application of the substance DiazepamAs a sedative, anxiolytic and hypnotic.

Neurology and Psychiatry. 

All types of anxiety disorders, including neuroses, psychopathy, neurosis and psychopathic state, accompanied by anxiety, fear, increased irritability, emotional stress; disturbing syndrome of endogenous mental illness, including in schizophrenia (adjuvant in the complex therapy), with organic brain lesions, including cerebrovascular disorders (in combination therapy as an adjunct); senesto-hypochondriac, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorder, paranoid-hallucinatory state; somatovegetative disorders, motor stimulation of different etiologies in neurology and psychiatry; tension headache; sleep disturbances; vertebral syndrome; withdrawal (alcohol, drugs), including: delirium tremens (in the complex therapy). In pediatric patients: neurotic and neurosis-like states, accompanied by emotional stress, anxiety, fear, increased irritability, headache, sleep disturbances, enuresis, mood disorders and behavior, etc. Cardiology.. Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and others. Anaesthesia and Surgery. Premedication before and immediately before surgery and endoscopic procedures, induction of anesthesia, as a component of combined anesthesia (if ataralgezia in combination with analgesics). Obstetrics and gynecology. Eclampsia, facilitating labor (for parenteral administration), premature labor, premature detachment of the placenta (for parenteral administration); menopausal and menstrual psychosomatic disorders. Dermatological practice. Eczema and other diseases accompanied by itching, irritability (complex therapy).

As an anticonvulsant.
Epilepsy (aid, as part of combination therapy), status epilepticus and severe recurrent seizures (for parenteral administration, the aid); tetanus.

As myo-relaxing agent.
Spasms of central origin associated with brain or spinal cord lesion (cerebral palsy, athetosis); spasm of skeletal muscles at the local trauma (aid); spastic conditions in other diseases of the musculoskeletal system - myositis, bursitis, arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, a progressive chronic polyarthritis; arthrosis, accompanied by a voltage of skeletal muscles.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, acute liver and kidney disease, severe liver failure, myasthenia gravis, suicidal tendencies, drug or alcohol dependence (except for the treatment of acute withdrawal syndrome), severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hypercapnia, cerebral and spinal ataxia, acute attack of glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, pregnancy (I term), breast-feeding, age up to 30 days.

Restrictions to application

Chronic respiratory distress, apnea during sleep, pronounced renal dysfunction, open-angle glaucoma (in the face of adequate therapy), up to 6 months (only for health in the hospital), pregnancy (II and III trimester).

Pregnancy and breast-feeding
It contraindicated in I trimester of pregnancy (increases the risk of congenital malformations). In II and III trimester of pregnancy is possible if the expected effect of therapy outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Side effects of substance Diazepam
From the nervous system and sensory organs: fatigue, drowsiness, fatigue; ataxia, blunting of emotions, blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus, tremor, reaction speed and concentration, worsening short-term memory, dysarthria, slurred speech; confusion, depression, fainting, headache, dizziness; paradoxical reactions (severe agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, nightmares, fits of rage, inappropriate behavior); anterograde amnesia.

Cardio-vascular system and blood (blood, hemostasis): bradycardia, neutropenia.

From the digestive tract: violation of salivation (dry mouth or hypersalivation), nausea, constipation.

Other: allergic reactions (hives, rash), urinary incontinence, urinary retention, changes in libido, increased activity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, jaundice.

For parenteral administration: injection site reactions (thrombosis, phlebitis, infiltration formation); with the rapid on / in the introduction - hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, disturbance of respiratory function, hiccups.

Perhaps the development of addiction, drug dependence, withdrawal symptoms, after-effect syndrome (muscle weakness, decreased performance), rebound-a syndrome.

Interaction of substance Diazepam

Potentiate the effects of alcohol, anticonvulsants and antihypertensives, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, analgesics (including opioids), sleeping medicines, general anesthetics, muscle relaxants, antihistamines drugs with a sedative effect. Analeptics, psychostimulants - reduce activity. Antacids can reduce the rate but not the extent of absorption of diazepam.

Isoniazid slows down diazepam (and increases its concentration in the blood). Inhibitors of microsomal oxidation (including cimetidine, ketoconazole, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, omeprazole) alter the pharmacokinetics and increase the duration of the effect of diazepam. Rifampicin concentration of diazepam decreases in blood. Erythromycin slows diazepam metabolism in the liver. Diazepam may alter plasma concentrations of phenytoin.

Overdose of substance Diazepam
Symptoms: oppression CNS varying degrees of symptoms (from somnolence to coma): expressed drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, loss of muscle tone, ataxia, prolonged confusion, oppression reflexes, coma; also possible hypotension, respiratory depression.

Treatment: induction vomiting and the appointment of activated charcoal (if the patient is conscious), gastric lavage through the probe (if the patient is unconscious), symptomatic therapy, monitoring vital functions, in / in a liquid (to increase urine output), if necessary ventilation. When driving the development should not be used barbiturates. As a specific antidote used BZ antagonist flumazenil receptors (in the hospital). Hemodialysis is ineffective.

Dosing and Administration of Diazepam Substances

Inside, in / in, in / m, rectally. The mode set is strictly individual, depending on the evidence, the disease, tolerance and others. Treatment should be started with the lowest effective dose corresponding to a particular form of pathology.

Usual dose for adults at intake: primary - 5-10 mg, daily - 5-20 mg, the maximum single - 20 mg, the maximum daily 60 mg.

The on / in and / m the introduction of an average single dose for adults - 10 mg, the average daily - 30 mg, the maximum single - 30 mg, the maximum daily 70 mg. The duration of treatment by parenteral administration should not be more than 3-5 days (after which, if necessary, moving to ingestion), the total duration of treatment should be as short as possible and should not exceed 2-3 months (including the period of gradual reduction of the dose) . Increasing the duration of treatment in excess of 2-3 months is possible only after repeated careful evaluation of the patient. Before re-rate break should be at least 3 weeks.

The dose and duration of treatment for children picked individually, depending on the nature of the disease, age and body weight of the child.

Patients elderly and patients with impaired liver function should begin treatment with lower doses.

Precautions for Diazepam substance

Not recommended for monotherapy of benzodiazepines with a combination of anxiety with depression (suicide attempts are possible). Due to the possibility of paradoxical reactions, including aggressive behavior, used with caution in patients with personality and behavioral disorders. Paradoxical reactions are more common in children and elderly patients. In the event of paradoxical reactions of diazepam should be discontinued.

During treatment with diazepam unacceptable consumption of alcoholic beverages.

should not be used during the drivers of vehicles and people whose work requires quick mental and physical reactions, and is also associated with high concentration of attention.

The use of diazepam in children under 14 years of age is allowed only in clearly justified cases, the duration of treatment should be minimal.

When receiving diazepam (even at therapeutic doses) may develop addiction, formation of physical and psychological dependence. Depending risk increases when large doses and with increasing duration of the reception, as well as in patients with alcohol dependence and drug history. Abolition of diazepam should be carried out gradually by reducing the dose to reduce the risk of withdrawal symptoms and rebound-a syndrome. In abrupt cancellation after long-term use or high doses there is a withdrawal syndrome (headache and muscle pain, agitation, anxiety, confusion, tremors, convulsions), in severe cases - depersonalization, hallucinations, seizures (sudden elimination in epilepsy). Transient syndrome in which symptoms that caused the appointment of diazepam, resumed in a more pronounced form (rebound-Syndrome), may also be accompanied by changes in mood, anxiety, and others.

Prolonged use should be periodically monitored picture peripheral blood and liver function.

Application at doses above 30 mg (especially / or m / v) for 15 hours prior to childbirth can cause neonatal apnea, hypotension, hypothermia, and rejection of the other breast.

There were cases of benzodiazepine addiction.

Special instructions
Keep in mind that anxiety or tension associated with everyday stress usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.

Not be mixed in the same syringe with other drugs diazepam (possibly settling on the walls of the drug). The on / in the introduction should be administered in a large vein and slowly, controlling the breathing function. Avoid contact of the solution into the artery and extravasal space.

Trading names of drugs with working substance Diazepam

Trade Name

Apaurin
Valium Roche
Diazepabene
Diazepam
Diazepam Nycomed
Diazepam-ratiopharm
Diazepex
Range
Relanium
Relium
Seduxen
sibazon
Sibazon injection 0.5%
Sibazon tablets 

Ascorbic acid - Interactions with other Active Compounds

Ascorbic Acid + Amikacin

Amikacin pharmaceutically incompatible with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

Ascorbic acid, while the application increases the absorption of the combination amoxicillin + clavulanic acid from the digestive tract.

Ascorbic Acid + Amoxicillin + Sulbactam

Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of the combination amoxicillin + sulbactam.

Ascorbic Acid + Ampicillin + Oxacillin

Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of the combination of ampicillin + oxacillin.

Ascorbic Acid + Acenokumarola

With the combined use of ascorbic acid causes a weakening acenokumarola action.

Ascorbic Acid + Penicillin

On the background of ascorbic acid improves absorption of benzylpenicillin and increases its concentration in blood.

Ascorbic Acid + Warfarin

On the background of ascorbic acid (high dose) decreases the effect of warfarin.

Ascorbic Acid + Hydroxialuminium trisulfophtalocyanine

Ascorbic Acid + Glibenclamide + Metformin

Ascorbic acid at high doses (acidifying the urine drug) increases the effects of the combination metformin + glibenclamide by reducing the degree of dissociation and increase the reabsorption of glibenclamide. You can buy online - Ascorbic acid injection.

Ascorbic Acid + Glibenclamide

Ascorbic acid at high doses, the primary urine acidifying reduces the degree of dissociation of glibenclamide, increases the reabsorption, and slows down enhances hypoglycemic effect.

Ascorbic Acid + Deferasirox

Special studies on the simultaneous use of deferasirox and ascorbic acid was carried out. The use of ascorbic acid in doses up to 200 mg / day with deferasirox not accompanied by undesirable effects.

Ascorbic Acid + Disulfiram

Ascorbic acid reduces the reaction to ethanol.

Ascorbic Acid + Iron sulfate

Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of iron.

Ascorbic Acid + Iron sulfate + folic acid +Serine

Ascorbic acid increases the absorption of iron (as part of a combination of ferrous sulfate + folic acid + serine).

Ascorbic Acid + Iron sulfate + Serine

Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron (as part of a combination of ferrous sulfate + serine).

Ascorbic Acid + Iron Sulfate + Folic Acid

Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of iron sulphate + combination of folic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Iron fumarate + folic acid

The simultaneous use of a combination of iron fumarate + folic acid with ascorbic acid improves iron absorption.

Ascorbic Acid + Interferon alfa-2b + Taurine + Benzocaine

Ascorbic acid enhances the effect of interferon (consisting of a combination of benzocaine + interferon alfa-2b + taurine).

Ascorbic Acid + Co-trimoxazole [Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim]

Ascorbic acid acidifies the urine and increases crystalluria.

Ascorbic Acid + Sodium bicarbonate

The sodium bicarbonate solution can not dissolve ascorbic acid.

Antacids containing sodium bicarbonate, can basified urine and prevent the effects of ascorbic acid, acidifying the urine; sodium hydrogencarbonate frequent use, particularly at high doses, it is better to exclude patients receiving therapy with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + A nicotinic acid

Care must be taken when combining nicotinic acid with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + sodium Parnaparin

The effect of sodium parnaparina reduced when combined with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Pyridoxine Thiamine + + + cyanocobalamin [lidocaine]

Vitamin B12 (consisting of a combination of pyridoxine, thiamine + + + cyanocobalamin [lidocaine]) pharmaceutically incompatible with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Cyanocobalamin Pyridoxine + + Folic Acid

Cyanocobalamin (consisting of a combination of cyanocobalamin pyridoxine + + folic acid) pharmaceutically incompatible with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Rutoside

Action Rutoside may be aggravated by the simultaneous use of ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Sulfaguanidin

Ascorbic acid in the combined use with sulfaguanidin increases the risk of crystalluria.

Ascorbic Acid + Sulfadimidine

Ascorbic acid in the combined use with Sulfadimidine increases the risk of crystalluria.

Ascorbic Acid + Thiopental Sodium

Sodium Thiopental pharmaceutically compatible (can not be mixed in the same syringe) with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + troxerutin

Action troxerutin in capsule form for oral administration is enhanced by the simultaneous use of ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + Furazidin

It is not recommended at the same time appoint furazidinom ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + furazolidone

Ascorbic acid acidifies the urine and increases the effect of furazolidone.

Ascorbic Acid + Chlormadinone + Ethinylestradiol

Ascorbic acid, ethinylestradiol overwhelming sulphation (consisting of a combination of ethinylestradiol chlormadinone +) in the wall of the intestine may increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma.

Ascorbic Acid + Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is pharmaceutically incompatible with ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic Acid + ergocalciferol

With the combined use of ascorbic acid reduces the toxic effects of ergocalciferol.

ethanol

Against the background of ascorbic acid accelerated the elimination of ethanol.

Ascorbic Acid + Ethinylestradiol

On the background of ascorbic acid improves absorption of ethinyl estradiol and increases its concentration in blood.