Glutathione - Active Substances. Instruction and Application, Dosage

Name: Glutathione

The Latin name of the substance Glutathione

Glutathionum (genus. Glutathioni)

Formula - C10H17N3O6S

Therapeutic agents of Glutathione: antihypoxantsand antioxidants

Antihypoxants(hypoxen, Actovegin et al.) - Drugs that improve the utilization of oxygen by the body and reduce the need for it (increasing resistance to hypoxia) of organs and tissues. The undoubted role in the fight against hypoxia belongs antioxidants (vitamin the E, butylhydroxytoluene, probucol, ascorbic acid, rutin, and others.). Activation of free radical processes and peroxidation accompanies many diseases: atherosclerosis and thrombus complications (heart attack, stroke), diabetes mellitus, chronic nonspecific lung disease, reduced cellular and humoral immunity and OE, and antioxidants are essential components of a comprehensive therapy. Free-radical processes are normalized by reduction of free radicals in a stable molecular form (not able to participate in autoxidation chain). Antioxidants or free radical linked directly (direct antioxidants), or stimulate the body's antioxidant system (indirect antioxidants). You can buy Gliatilin.

CAS code - 70-18-8

Drug Interactions (active substances) - Glutathione

Glutathione + Calcium pantothenate
Avoid joint use of glutathione with calcium pantothenate.

Glutathione + Menadione sodium bisulfite
Avoid joint use of glutathione with menadione sodium bisulfite.

Glutathione + Cyanocobalamin
Avoid joint use of glutathione with cyanocobalamin.

Trading names of drugs with working substance GlutathioneTrade Name

Glation

Storage conditions of Glutathione
In a dry, dark place at a temperature of 15-25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children.

The shelf life of Glutathione
2 years.
Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the package.

Cyanocobalamin- Active Substances. Instruction and Application, Dosage

Name: Cyanocobalamin

The Latin name of the substance Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalaminum (genus. Cyanocobalamini)

chemical name alpha- (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) cyanide cobamide

Formula - C63H88CoN14O14P

Therapeutic agents of Alprazolam: Vitamins and vitamin-like agent; Stimulants hemopoiesis

The nosological classification (ICD-10)D51 Vitamin-B12-deficiency anemia
D61 Other aplastic anemia
E53.8.1 Lack of vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin, Methylcabalamin)
G12.2 Motor neuron disease
G35 Multiple sclerosis
G50.0 Trigeminal neuralgia
G54.1 Disorders of lumbosacral plexus
G54.6 Phantom limb syndrome with pain
G62 Other polyneuropathies
G63.2 Diabetic polyneuropathy (E10-E14 + with common fourth character .4)
G80 Cerebral Palsy
G95 Other diseases of spinal cord
K52 Other noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis
K73 Chronic hepatitis, not elsewhere classified
K74 fibrosis and cirrhosis
L13.0 Dermatitis herpetiformis
L20 Atopic dermatitis
L40 Psoriasis
L56 Other acute skin changes caused by ultraviolet radiation
M79.2 Neuralgia and neuritis, unspecified
Q90 Down's syndrome

CAS code - 68-19-9

Pharmacology
Mode of action - hematopoietic, erythropoietic, antianemic, metabolic.

It has a high biological activity and is involved in carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism. Increases the regeneration of tissues, normalizes blood, liver and nervous system, activates blood clotting, lower blood cholesterol (atherosclerosis). In the body (primarily in the liver) becomes a cofactor - cobamide, part of many enzymes, including of the reductase, reducing folic acid tetrahydrofolic. Cobamide participates in the transfer of methyl and other one-carbon fragments and therefore necessary for the formation of deoxyribose and DNA creatine, methionine - donor of methyl groups in the synthesis of lipotropic factor - choline to convert methylmalonic acid in amber, which is composed of myelin, for recycling propionic acid. It contributes to the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups, which explains the increase in their tolerance to hemolysis. You can buy - Vitamin B12 cyanocobalamin injection.

Absorption takes place throughout the small intestine (partly in thick). The ileum is connected with a special intrinsic factor and intestine becomes unavailable to micro-organisms; complex in the small intestine wall transmits cyanocobalamin receptor, which transports it into the cell (receptor activity depends on the structure and functions of mucosa supported folic acid, as well as the presence of calcium ions from the medium and pH). In the blood, it binds to vitamin B12 transcobalamin I and II, which transport it to the tissues. Deposition occurs primarily in the liver, the liver is derived from the bile into the intestine and is absorbed again. Elimination occurs mainly by the kidneys.

Application of the substance Cyanocobalamin

Chronic anemia occurring with the deficiency of vitamin B12 is (Addison - Birmera, alimentary macrocytic), in the treatment of anemia - iron deficiency, post-hemorrhagic, aplastic caused by toxic substances and drugs, myelosis, traumatic injuries and inflammatory peripheral nerve processes (wound radiculoneuritis, neuritis , neuralgia, causalgia, phantom pain), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome, skin diseases (psoriasis, photodermatosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, neurodermatitis), traumatic injuries of the bones, and conditions after surgeries on locomotor system during deceleration of bone consolidation, acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, radiation sickness. For prophylaxis - the appointment biguanide, p-aminosalicylic acid, high doses of vitamin C in the pathology of the stomach and intestines, preventing the normal absorption of vitamin (resection of the stomach, small intestine, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, sprue).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hypercoagulation (including acute thrombosis) erythremia, polycythemia.

Restrictions to application

With caution and in lower doses prescribed for angina, benign and malignant tumors (used only in cases involving megaloblastic anemia and a deficiency of vitamin B12).

Side effects of Cyanocobalamin substance
Headache, dizziness, agitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions (urticaria).

Interaction
Pharmaceutically (one syringe) incompatible with solutions of vitamins, B1 and B6 (cobalt ion contributes to the destruction of other vitamins). It increases the likelihood of allergic reactions caused by vitamin B1.

Dosing and Administration of Cyanocobalamin Substances
Inside, n / a, / m, in / in and intra-lumbar. In anemia, Addison - Birmera - 100-200 micrograms a day; for anemia Addison - Birmera with symptoms of funicular myelosis and macrocytarnic anemia with nervous system disorders - 500 micrograms or more per injection (in the first week - every day, and then - the intervals between injections to 5-7 days). At the same time prescribe folic acid. In remission maintenance therapy is administered to the absence of effects on the funicular myelosis 100 mg 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena - 200-400 mg 2-4 times a month. When iron and hemorrhagic anemia - at 30-100 mg 2-3 times a week. In aplastic anemia (especially in children) - 100 micrograms before clinical and hematologic improvement. When nutritional anemia in children at an early age and in preterm - 30 micrograms per day for 15 days; in CNS diseases and neurological diseases with pain is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 micrograms per injection, and with the improvement in - 100 micrograms per day; Course - up to 2 weeks; traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves - at 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days. When hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver - 30-60 micrograms per day or 100 mg every other day for 25-40 days; dystrophy in young children, Down syndrome and cerebral palsy - 15-30 mg a day; when sprue, radiation disease, diabetic neuropathy appoint 60-100 mg daily for 20-30 days. When funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis is sometimes injected into the spinal canal at 15-30 mcg (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mg).

Precautions for Cyanocobalamin substance
During treatment should regularly monitor the blood count and clotting.

Trading names of drugs with working substance CyanocobalaminTrade Name

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 Crystal
cyanocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Cyanocobalamin bufus
Cyanocobalamin-Vial
Cyanocobalamin Injection
Tsikomin-Altfarm

Meldonium - Active Substances

Name: Meldonium

The Latin name of the substance meldonium

Meldonium (genus. Meldonii). You can buy online Meldonium.

chemical name 3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate (monohydrate)

Formula - C6H14N2O2

Therapeutic agents of Alprazolam: Other Metabolics

The nosological classification (ICD-10)E63 Physical and mental overload
F10.3 abstinence
G46 Vascular syndromes of brain in cerebrovascular diseases
H34.8 Other retinal vascular occlusions
H35.0 Background retinopathy and retinal vascular changes
H35.6 Retinal hemorrhage
H36.0 Diabetic retinopathy (E10-E14 + with common fourth character .3)
H44.8 Other disorders of eyeball
I20 Angina [angina]
I21 Acute myocardial infarction
I25 Chronic ischemic heart disease
I50.0 Congestive heart failure
I64 Stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction
R07.2 Pain in the heart
Z54.0 recovery period after surgery
Z73.6 Limitation of activities due to a decrease in disability

Characteristics of matter Meldonium

The white crystalline powder with a weak smell. Easily soluble in water, it is difficult - in alcohol. Hygroscopic.

Pharmacology

Mode of action - metabolic, cardioprotective, anti-anginal, anti-hypoxic, adaptogenic, improves cerebral blood flow.

Is structural synthetic analogue of gamma-butyrobetaine - carnitine precursor. It inhibits the enzyme gamma-butyryl-beta-hydroxylase, reduces the synthesis of carnitine and transportation of long chain fatty acids across cell membranes and prevents the accumulation of cells in the activated forms of non-oxidized fatty acids (including acylcarnitine blocking delivery of ATP to cell organelles). Improves metabolic processes. When ischemia prevents violation of transport and ATP activates glycolysis. As a result of reducing the synthesis of carnitine increases the concentrations of gamma-butyrobetaine, has vasodilating action. In acute myocardial infarction slows tissue necrosis, shorten the rehabilitation period. Against the background of heart failure improves myocardial contractility, increases exercise tolerance. In acute and chronic disorders of cerebral circulation promotes redistribution of blood flow in ischemic areas, thus improving the blood circulation to the ischemic focus. Increases cellular and humoral immunity. It eliminates the abstinence syndrome in chronic alcoholism. It increases efficiency, reduces the symptoms of mental and physical stress, enhances stamina.

If ingestion is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability - about 78%. Cmax is achieved in 1-2 hours. The bio-transformed in the body into two major metabolites which the kidneys. T1 / 2 - 3.6 hours.

Application of the substance meldonium

The reduced performance; physical stress, including in athletes; postoperative period to accelerate rehabilitation. In the combined therapy - ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure, in the background cardialgia dyshormonal dystrophy infarction, acute and chronic cerebrovascular accidents (stroke, cerebrovascular insufficiency). Withdrawal syndrome in chronic alcoholism (in conjunction with a particular therapy). In ophthalmology - hemophthalmus and retinal hemorrhages of different etiologies, thrombosis of the central retinal vein and its branches, retinopathy of different etiology (diabetic, hypertensive) - only for parabulbarno administration.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, increased intracranial pressure (in violation of the venous outflow, intracranial tumors).

Restrictions to application

Pregnancy, lactation, children under 18 (capsule, injectable solution) or 12 years (syrup), since safety and efficacy have not been determined.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

Not recommended during pregnancy (safety have not been proven). At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding (known whether the breast milk gets).

Side effects of Meldonium substance
Dyspepsia, agitation, tachycardia, hypotension, pruritus.

Interaction
Care must be taken in combination with nitroglycerin, nifedipine, alpha-blockers and other antihypertensive agents and peripheral vasodilators. Compatible with antianginal drugs, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, antiarrhythmic agents, bronchodilators, diuretics.

Dosing and Administration of Meldonium Substances
Inside, in / in and / m, parabulbarno. The route of administration, dose and duration of treatment is determined individually depending on the indication, the severity of the state, etc. The average dose for adults:. Ingestion - 250 mg 2-4 times a day, parenterally - 500 mg / day, parabulbarno - 50 mg / day.

Athletes appoint special schemes in combination with other agents.

Precautions for meldonium substance

Care must be taken long-term use in patients with liver disease and / or kidney.

Trading names of drugs with working substance Meldonnium
Trade Name

3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate dihydrate
Angiokardil
Vazomag
Idrinol
Kardionat
Medatern
meldonium
Meldonium Organics
Meldonium-Binergiya
Meldonium-Eskom
Meldonium dihydrate
Melfor
Midolat
Mildronate

Actovegin - cell regeneration?!

Another interesting and very popular in the CIS substance - Actovegin or hemo-derivative deproteinized calf blood. Yes, that's right, this substance - something like a processed blood of calves, which has a variety of effects on the body, including nootropic.

It is interesting as well, and that the substance in the early 2000s, the whole year was in the doping list, and applications in the US and Canada and did not allowed.

How does actovegin act?

• 1.Transport and utilization of glucose. We always have a blood glucose value is determined, the approximate rate of 3.3 to 5.5 units. When we eat - value of the blood glucose abruptly increases above normal in response thereto starts our pancreas to produce insulin, which transports the excess glucose into the cells. Actovegin partly similar to the action of insulin.
• 2.It stimulates oxygen consumption. It's a hell of an interesting point, which is peculiar to many antihypoxants, such as the same mexidol or succinic acid. What are its benefits? It is no secret that the cells need oxygen for life and is always needed, otherwise 5-10 minutes and sure death. So, there is such a parameter as maximum oxygen consumption: remember how much you run 1 km or less ran, remember how much you can work intelligently, it is to solve problems, something to count, write, in short "think hard" as a responsible exam.

At these moments, the brain or muscles, depending on what you are doing, actively consumes oxygen. And train people capable of 1.5-2 times consume more oxygen, no matter what they are trained, even brain cells. Increased oxygen consumption increases the performance of any activity. The theme is very large, it is interesting - google yourself.

• 3.Increases ATP concentration of ADP, phosphocreatine. Part of the item associated with the transport and utilization of glucose. In order not to go into the details - will have more energy. Basically, you can just eat a sugar cube, and also increase the ATP. But then again he and phosphocreatine - the perfect assistant for the myocardium, the heart muscle.
• 4.Increases Glutamate, Aspartate, GABA. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain.
• 5.It improves spatial memory and learning. The study was conducted in rats with a damaged brain ischemia. One group was administered Actovegin, the other nothing. Subsequently, memory tests were conducted in the water maze, and later evaluated the difference in the hippocampus portion of the brain responsible for memory. In the group with Actovegin remained about 2-fold more cells, but it is still 30% less than in rats with completely normal brain.

Another study of Actovegin in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment showed improvement in memory tests, the average age - 71 year sample - 30 people.

Increased activity of alpha and beta in the brain as compared with placebo, which may slightly increase attentiveness and improve mood.

• 6.It reduces acidification of human skeletal muscle. That can be useful when working on power endurance, as an example - Pulling on the maximum number of times. However, when pure aerobic load example - hour cycling - no improvements have been reported. Also there was a slight acceleration of muscle recovery during various injuries.
• 7.Possible to improve endothelial function. The endothelium - an inner layer of blood and lymph vessels, which regulates blood pressure and blood clotting. Ie possible pressure normalization.

And another interesting study a significant reduction in acne or, quite simply, acne in 54 of the 88 people. Especially noticeable was the introduction of injection, instead of tablets.

Course of Actovegin

There are some contraindications much better just to read the instructions. Side effects - allergic reactions.

This Actovegin material was used 4th ways: Actovegin pills, Actovegin ampoules for intramuscular injection, Actovegin cream for dermal and Actovegin solutions for administration via dropper.

Let us dwell on theActovegin pill: a course on the instructions or on prescription lasts 4-6 weeks, 3-6 tablets a day for 3 doses.

Just like the drag Actovegin glucose from the blood, most people are likely from this action will be nothing. For a small portion - unpleasant phenomenon when a person low blood sugar, as an example, you do not eat 15 hours or you have it initially low.

In general, it may be easy hypoglycemia: a sense of vibrating conveyor, heat and when you want to eat too. It is therefore reasonable to take after meals.

Effects of Actovegin:

In general, according to the register of medicines in Russia, located in Actovegin pharmaceutical group tissue regeneration stimulants.

It sounds fantastic, but do not expect serious effects, although research has links to more rapid wound healing, better cellular respiration, skin improvement.

Get on Actovegin possible: increased productivity (through the delivery of glucose and oxygen), more rapid recovery of the body under all adverse pieces associated with poor cellular respiration, if we say, got anything intoxication or restore balance in the braking / accelerating neurotransmitters.

Perhaps the improvement in memory after brain injury.

Actovegin Interaction:

Theoretical number This item is longer, because the manufacturer simply wrote that the drug interaction is unknown.

The first thing that caught my eye - the similarity with Mexidol and succinic acid. Only mexidol we helped better dopamine and GABA binds to the receptor, and actovegin - glutamate, GABA, aspartate.

Joint ligaments can spur the kind of normalization of neurotransmitters in the brain and excellent recovery. Interesting may be a bunch of l-theanine, it also strengthens the alpha and beta rhythms in the brain.

Bottom Line:

- Actovegin - interesting stuff with a wide range of actions.

- Works still more as a reducing agent through the delivery of oxygen and glucose, helps the heart muscle, increases glutamate and GABA.

- To take a few weeks, the dosage depends on the indication.

- The effects are almost invisible when all health is excellent, always full of energy. The condition is worse - the drug works more clearly.

- Combine can be Succinic acid, Mexidol or L-theanine.

Good luck and all the great state!

Report about Course of Nootropics: Nervous System

Especially I will not write the whole book. He wanted to drink away the course of nootropics, which should build new nerve cells. Decided to check how the nootropics through blood tests. More specifically: ELI-H TEST 12 and hormones. Before the course did not take anything for 1 month. I handed over analyzes, took course, I passed the tests again, tracked the dynamics))

Course of nootropics

All dosages per diem:

- Noopept 30 mg

- Semax 0,1% (only in the last week)

- Curcumin 1000 mg

- Ashwagandha 1500 mg

- Niacin 100 mg

- Green tea drink every day

- Melatonin 2-3 mg at bedtime ( about a day)

- Omega-3 according instructions

- Rhodiola in tincture and Schisandra in tincture (1-bottle at 45 days).

All this takes for 45 days, from 17 February to 2 nd April 2016. In addition nootropics, I added 1 cardio workout per week (running), as there are animal studies, neurotrophic factors in increasing sports mice. In terms of food / bad habits does not have any change. Although at the end of the course, for some unknown reason to me, beginning to pull on canned fish. Only last week, and they ate for dinner.

Parsing analyzes: Nervous System
This section will be as succinct and simple description of the performance! Each value is represented by antibodies! That is, when the number was 100, and was 90, the fewer antibodies. For all the antibodies of this test is passed the reference range from -20 to +10, natural norm for the average person.

• 1. Antibodies to the protein NF-200. This protein is associated with the construction of the nerve cells directly. In particular, it is responsible for neurite outgrowth. Axon - a process of nerve cell, its task - to communicate with other cells. The axons are better developed, the more interwoven nerve cells, and it is good!

Index Before “-4” " Index after": 6. Changes in the normal range, but the amount of antibodies was more.

• 2.GFAP. This protein is associated with gliosis. This is when the nerve cell dies, and in place of it there quickly glial cells. Bad process headaches and impaired motor coordination in the future, at least. The growth of anti-GFAP - signs of gliosis. And now, attention! Index "Before “-2”. Index "after": +26. The number of antibodies has increased dramatically.
• 3.S100. Marker damage to brain tissue in cerebral circulatory disorders. Responsible for the creation and development of serotonergic neurons. Index "Before" -5. Index "after": 2.
• 4.Myelin basic protein. Myelin - a protective layer shell for axons. It is like rubber, insulates the axon and in it passing impulses from the external environment. Index "Before" +8. Index "after": 17.
• 5.Voltage-dependent of Ca-channel. Remember the concept of "polarization" and "depolarization". This channel promotes nerve impulse. If human neural impulses pass too easily, it can be detected in the muscle twitches. More severe conditions - the coordination of movements. Index "Before" -23. Index "after": -17.
• 6.Cholinergic receptors. The most important "nootropic" indicator. Choline, acetylcholine, cholinergic receptors - it can be said, the main intellectual brain platform. And initial indicators seem to me a consequence of piracetam. Index "Before" -20. Index "after": -18.
• 7.Glutamate receptors. As the voltage-dependent channel participates in the providence of nerve impulses - namely, their speeds. Well, if you read such articles, the glutamate should be familiar. Index "Before": -17. Index "after": -9.
• 8.GABA receptors. GABA - inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA receptors, respectively, responsive to the action of GABA. As with previous receptors, they perform better than - the higher the sensitivity. Meaning "to": -14. Meaning "after": -8. Meaning "to": -12. Meaning "after": -12.
• 9.Dopamine receptors. Connected with dopamine, the main motivator of our brain. It is dopamine - the object of influence of psychoactive drugs. The sensitive receptors - the less need for the body to dopamine motivation portions. Index "Before": -12. Index "after": -12.
• 10.Serotonin receptors. The interaction with serotonin, a neurotransmitter are also quite popular. Its high levels seen in people with high social status. So he just gives a feeling of general well-being, and not the "happiness hormone" as it is like these call your internets. Index "Before" -3. Index "after": 2.
• 11.Opiate receptors. Responsible for analgesia, euphoria, gastrointestinal tract, and more. And yes, you have correctly remembered their opioids, they are connected to this system. Index "Before" +9. Index "after": 13.
• 12.Beta-endorphin. Cutting from Wikipedia: "The physiological function of beta-endorphin are manifold: it anaesthetising and antishock, anti-stress effect, and an inhibitory effect on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in all its levels, and loss of appetite, and a decrease in tone of the sympathetic nervous system, braking secretory activity and motility in the gastrointestinal tract and many others ". Index "to": 93. Index "after": 17.

Conclusion:

• Significant changes have occurred in the beta-endorphin, a protein NF-200, of GFAP protein and myelin basic protein. Data on beta-endorphin I rechecked, sent a request to the clinic, they are data confirmed the cause did not understand. Perhaps it is the effects of a pleasure gatherings with friends a week before the tests, but everything was within a liter of beer.
• After receiving all the possible additives affecting the nervous system, the strongest changes were just all the parameters associated with the neurons. Everywhere there was an increase in antibody levels to proteins. And it's strange, because the goal was the exact opposite.
• On the other hand, we see only because antibodies! And what if the amount of protein and increased in proportion to the antibodies it has been growing. If this issue looks really knowledgeable person, please comment on it this time with the antibodies.
• Receptors for the major neurotransmitters remained almost unchanged, then the CNS is not overloaded or in the direction of greater excitation or sedation of any side.
• In the nervous system, the effect is there, proven tests. Antibodies were more, so either nootropics, growers nerves, on the contrary impair them, or the amount of active protein has become so large that rose and antibodies for a conditional balance.
• The following story is the analysis of hormones: testosterone (total, free, DHT), estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, SHBG, bilirubin. The third part - the generalized information and a list of advanced additives to create new neurons.

Thank you for attention!

Mexidol - Brain Update

The next release from the cycle of nootropics or amplifiers of the brain. Emoxypine or Mexidol. This is not advertising this particular brand, it is just the most famous, and its international non-proprietary name each time to say difficult. Mexidol is sold in injections, capsules and tablets, but what it "trick", why it was included in the list of vital and essential drugs, how it works and when it will be most useful?

Mexidol is more representative of the Soviet scientific thought and was created in the early 1980s.

How does Mexidol act?

In almost every issue we drip a drug to the level of molecules. This is not to show any excessive pathos very scientific roller, but simply because the molecules show the substance in its pure form, without reference to the name of the brand. So Emoxypine sounds menacing, but in fact it is a substance composed of two elements: succinic acid and 3-oxy-pyridin. Already it did not seem so scary! Forgive our project manufacturers, roughly Mexidol - is pumped succinic acid.

• 1.Antioxidant action. Everyone has heard about the so-called anti-oxidants and free radicals, but few people understand what they need. Free radicals - molecules pests, they help accelerate the emergence of more serious diseases, such as stroke.

The essence of Mexidol in reducing the amount of damaging the body of the molecules, which in turn can be stimulated though excessive alcohol consumption, even a trivial shortcoming of vitamin C. Also, with aging the body for years, and this involves increasing the natural amount of free radicals.

If you are under 25, and you're driving less correct way of life, we can not survive. The older man - the more useful it becomes for antioxidants like Mexidol.

• 2.Membrane stabilizing effect. Membrane - a sheath cells. That it maintains the balance between the cell contents and the external environment. Sometimes the membrane passes into the cell is too much or too little different microcells, which leads to unpredictable results as to the cell and the organism as a whole.

Mexidol becomes a kind of "Optimizer" for the membrane.

It is worth to mention the phospholipids. They are the building blocks for cell membranes. Mexidol phospholipid content increases and thus protects the cell.

• 3.Strengthening the action of GABA and dopamine. Mexidol helps to better communicate these neurotransmitters to their receptors. The exact numbers will not be shown. It is not known what percentage or how many times the GABA and dopamine better attached to their receptors, but this action is confirmed by research.

For a simple layman, Mexidol can serve as an easy equalizer states in the direction of greater peace of mind, GABA expense, and to the side of a small improvement in the mood, dopamine expense. More experienced users, and doctors immediately think of Mexidol as an amplifier of other substances, as a supplement to basic drugs, if they are working with these neurotransmitters.

• 4.Other actions, issuing from the preceding paragraphs. Here and anti-toxic effect, help with withdrawal syndrome after ingestion of alcohol and drugs. Nootropic action - through a better functioning brain cells. Anti-stress effect - thanks to dopamine and GABA. And much more.

Course of Mexidol

Our current material has a small amount of contra - diseases of the liver and kidneys, as well as pregnancy, child and lactation - due understudied.

Side effects of Mexidol are unique.

In the treatment, Mexidol applied in different ways, depending on the disease.

The main difference is in the duration of the course, for example, Mexidol intramuscular injections - 30 days, and during swallowing Mexidol tablets - 2-6 weeks.

Most users do not wish anything to prick - so welcome "inside" of 300-400 mg per day, up to 6 weeks.

Effects of mexidol

Perhaps the best word that describes a substance - "Protection".

Protection from oxygen starvation, protecting cells from the oxidation of the toxins from the aging of the other adverse factors, such as the consequences of using drugs or alcohol. If you are 16-17 years old, and you are looking for substance, then it is not your option.

If yesterday was a holiday, and you have touched alcohol - drink mexidol 3-4 days is appropriate.

Possible effect of improving mood and tranquility.

What combine with Mexidol

There is already much more interesting! Mexidol amplifies some other substances, and this property is frequently used in clinical practice. The most well it works with benzodiazepine-, GABA and dopamine-oriented drugs.

That is, for the purpose of improving learning and, in general, for the intellect, Mexidol can be added to the course nootropics like Racetam. For large gatherings, motivation and improve mood - with Ladasten, caffeine, levodopa, DMAA.

To appease - Phenibutum, theanine, GABA.

And by the way, is still better Mexidol interfere with agents acting on GABA. They are closer to it are suitable for effects.

At the same time, even in the manual it says that under the influence Mexidol enhanced tranquilizing effect, antipsychotic, antidepressant, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. In general, the whole field of creativity.

Bottom Line:

- Mexidol - a succinic acid + 3-hydroxypyridin.

- Mexidol is an antioxidant, nootropic, membrane protectors - only 3 properties of the drug. The basic idea - "protection" and "assistance" to the body.

- Course of Mexidol , when administered to 6 weeks, 3 tablets of 125 mg per day.

- Mexidol enhances many other materials, read the instructions. This is good and bad, on the one hand, it is difficult to manage the reception of various drugs, and on the other - it is possible to reduce the dosage or get even better effect.

Well, it is updated for today! See you later!

6 Powerful agent for Energy!

Energy, power, movement - how much potential lies in these words! Of course, it depends on the saturation of life, including the number of events per unit time, and not only on the quality. But all the time? How be able to penetrate and feel every event? To do this, just need power. And there are substances that can give it to you, even when it seems that the forces have not at all. Let us discuss these supplements!

• Adaptogens (ginseng, Aralia, sterculia and others). The oldest class of additives aimed at improving the physical and intellectual performance. Plants included in the definition of "adaptogens" really helps with fatigue there, of various origins. (Leuzea, rhodiola, ginkgo biloba). Feature of adaptogens in versatility, simplicity and naturalness.
• Caffeine. Its effects are most noticeable in the original tired body. It works by inhibiting adenosine, which is beginning to be felt at drowsiness, distraction and other signs of fatigue. Caffeine also increases adrenaline, cortisol, and testosterone. If you are only lulls caffeine - try to increase or decrease the dosage. You can buy at the store sports nutrition or pharmacy.
• Phenylethylamine (PEA). Nitric oxide for the car Phenylethylamine as to humans. It acts strongly and sharply. And if you want to cheer for 15-20 minutes, and then 10 minutes back to the starting point - half a gram of this substance and the brain is "turbo button".
  Powered by catecholamines, ie dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline, increasing their number for a short time. You can also like Mexidol.
  In the Russian Federation, if the concentration of phenylethylamine in the medium exceeds 15%, the substance in the first list of prohibited substances, ie - a drug. Therefore, in its pure form it is not found, but only a part of other sports foods.
• DMAA or methylhexaneamine. Since the recognition of the substance doping, DMAA's popularity is only growing. In Russia, this substance is legal, the only thing that has changed since the ban - disqualification of the athletes for the reception. Manufacturers of sports nutrition compelled to renounce this additive, however, it can still be found on the market. And, by the way, is now considering options store assortment DMAA and appears in the foreground.
  The addition of the effects similar to the sustained release phenylethylamine, the same stimulation, only smoother because of the larger half-life period up to 5-6 hours. Workers same dosage selected individually, standard - 50 mg.
• Yohimbine. For sale in pharmacies, sports nutrition, and on a variety of sites. Initially, the substance was positioned for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but parallel to the antidepressant effect was observed (via inhibition of MAO, that is it - see separate release) and a stimulating effect (via adrenaline and adrenergic receptors). Yohimbine 4 hour and operates independent of the effects of dosage.
• Synephrine. It is considered a legal analogue of ephedrine. ephedrine himself was considered the drug only a few years ago. According to an article ephedrine and its effects intersect with synephrine. In general, synephrine - ephedrine is a simplified version. Powered synephrine with adrenaline, improves the delivery of oxygen, there is a sense of expansion of the lungs. Dosages vary from 5 to 40 mg, as with DMAC depend on the individual. It is often found in sports nutrition.

About Side effects

• Before taking any stimulants - read contraindications! Take the time to measure blood pressure and heart rate at rest, because often side effects arise for those who do not know anything about his body.
• Any material is best to start taking a small dose! Think about it, because you will be able to increase always, but reduced if caught overdose - is unrealistic, because the substance is no longer in the digestive tract.
• Stimulants inviolable deplete energy reserves, so makes it up! Eat, sleep more after administration.
• Acceptance of stimulants on a regular basis - the depletion of the central nervous system, therefore, relatively safe use 1-2 times a week, with the exception of adaptogens.

By following these rules - you minimize the side effects.

Bottom line:
Not bad substances that give energy: adaptogen, caffeine, yohimbine, synephrine, DMAA and phenylethylamine. All of them are legal, accurate only to the latter. Come to accept responsibly and wisely, and you can kill yourself with salt and water. See you later!

How to Develop Mind in 10 days ?!

Today you will learn about the ten-day cycle for the brain workouts that uniquely make you smarter. Under the mind in this case, we mean not the IQ, but the quality and the impact on the largest possible number of areas of the brain.

After 10 days, your skills and hobbies can greatly change, following changes in the brain. So if you want things to remain in place, it is better not to read the article further. Some days their task may seem funny, but someone - commonplace. But more will be a particular task on your perception of the world, the greater will be the long-term effect. Add some nootropics: Semax, Ladasten, Cortexin, Phenylpiracetam – to get better effect.

This is not a regular list of stupid advice is concrete steps that, from a scientific point of view, are very important to train the brain function. You download the hippocampus and cortex, creativity and communication skills, spur serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine, and even accelerate the growth of neurons and all this without any pills.

Day 1. Write a chapter to the book. (Creativity)

Create a chapter for a book, you could write. The number of chapters should be 15-20, and each need to write a couple of sentences a brief description of what a particular chapter. It does not matter what genre, no matter the opinions of others. It is important to come up with the story itself!

This post-apocalyptic world, the drama in the style of George Orwell? Or light and unobtrusive story with a happy ending? Not a bad idea - to write a chapter to his autobiography, but he works more memory that you use every day, as opposed to creativity.

Day 2: Hit the new location. (Neuro and synaptogenesis)

It is easier of course to do it on the weekends and in the company. The idea is that you are in place, even where they were not. Even better, if the route is unknown. This may be a stupid point on the map, the park, the forest, the other side of the river, and all in a style at once and think that you will be doing there. Either this is a cafe, restaurant, cinema, bowling, go-carting, etc.

Place is new and strange to you - this is the main condition.

The day will start the growth and development of nerve cells.

Day 3 Phones. (Memory)

Memorize the phone numbers of people close to you. Elegant and useful workout for the memory.

It's not stupid to remember a set of meaningless facts, but very effective exercise that is ever sure to come in handy.

If you do not very often something to remember, and all you have painted and planned out, then the more effective you reanimiruete your hippocampus in the brain.

Day 4: Mind games. (Cortex)

Select 2-3 hours of time on the game of chess or go. Learn how to play in at least one of these games.

But the game is good as if you have only one life and play does not. The Internet is full of sites where you can play online with real people.

Stress and intellectual opposition force to look at the old terms in new ways. Here we have a good working cerebral cortex of the brain.

Day 5: Spend spring cleaning. (Unloading of the brain)

It is not just sweep and vacuum, but also look under the chairs, sofas, beds, wardrobes. Pay special attention to the boxes with papers that have not opened, balcony, garage or shed. If you have a machine disassemble stuff still in it.

Here we have an offensive on two fronts. Firstly, when removed rarely accumulates a lot of dust, which adversely affects the body. Secondly, it is the aesthetic event, helping to unload.

Day 6. Talk! (Communication skills, serotonin)

The purpose of this day - to speak as much as possible. It is even said to yourself! Call us on the phone, some rooms have already learned. Arrange to meet with old friends or just a few. Talk to the cashiers in shops, on public transport or call on the radio, if you listen to in the car. Speak to work with customers, with suppliers, with the cleaners. In the evening, you can still go to the exhibition, a club or even a crowded place.

Do not be afraid that you may be poorly perceived. If you talk as if by chance, in a good mood and kindness, it will generate a positive impression! This day aims to develop social skills, it will bring you a lot of serotonin!

Day 7. Make it, at last! (Dopamine)

Do what has long wanted to do, but all the way, no, you do not want. Collect documents that need somewhere to apply. Solve the issue which has been postponed several times. Call to arrange apply by email, you will make.

This day you will move off the ground and give additional motivation in the form of dopamine.

Day 8. Watch out for yourself. (Rethink)

It will be one of the most exciting days! Control yourself in everything and everywhere. As you walk in the street as sit, whether smooth posture, how often look in his eyes, what you eat and how to look in the mirror, like that in myself and do not like clothing and hairstyle exactly like you want to? How tell quickly if you people listen to how to hold the attention? What will happen if nothing changes in a few years?

Look at yourself as if from outside, try to find their strengths and weaknesses in various aspects. Can you soul of the company, you name everywhere, but you have Incredible failure in logic and the ability to think deeply and impartially.

In general, the day that will make evaluate yourself and begin the transformation.

Day 9. Learn objectivity. (Wisdom)

It is a very useful skill in life that definitely will make more and more intelligent. We need time to introduce ourselves as an actor. Temporarily mask the opposite view and sort through the options.

This quality is one serious side effect: you will be wiser and stop "support our" interested in politics, and especially to discuss the categories in the style of "you w programmer", "all fascists", "it's all because of America" and etc.

Day 10: Train your mirror neurons.

Feel the emotions and feelings of other living beings, to reconcile them to himself. This is the most difficult day! You've noticed that when you are around good company, all fun and jokes released through the word. Involuntarily you yourself being pulled in, and improves your mood. Remember how, see a boxing match or some other sports, you just "boils adrenaline" and twitching arms and legs. Or met a man, and he begins to fill in all the horrible and weird at all why we're still alive. This is an easy level, which will cope anyone.

We propose to notice more subtle experiences at sight, movements and tone of voice. Do not turn away when other people or animals is bad, imagine yourself in their place. If you are even slightly in this succeed, you suddenly begin to better understand the people, even non-verbal level. What will make it easy to make new acquaintances and strengthen old ones. Well, we hope you will appreciate the change! Successful transformations you!

Preparing for the Exam - Key Moments

On the eve of the exam became often come questions about the "course of nootropics to learn everything at once". And it is even more responsible people, who began to bathe in advance rather than 2-3 days prior to the exam.

I will not include the old man, that "no one has previously used brain doping", first, because the old man is not, and secondly, if the 11th class knew about the doping, they would have used. At the same time, to me, morally, it is difficult to recommend to the minors to take the same Phenylpiracetam as it formally, according to the prescription.

So, what would I do, whether at the bow exam. Students tend to be less worried about the session, and nervousness before the main school exams still remember.

The main points are:

• 1.Create a training plan and stick to it.

The handle, leaf, Scotch and a wardrobe. Draw plate and paint the days, what and how much should be taught.

• 2.Set your priorities!

Establish a dream. Forget about 7 hours of sleep. When a mad mental stress at a young age need to sleep as much as possible. Ideal: 8-9 hours of sleep at night and 1:00 in the afternoon, after lunch. Daytime sleep gives strength not less powerful stimulant.

• 3.Proper nutrition.

Lose weight while preparing for one of the most important exams - this is nonsense wild. Guzzle, of course, it is also impossible. Note: For normal operation, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and other mediators - we eat foods rich in amino acids and proteins. It's milk and dairy products, eggs, meat, fish. Carbohydrates are very important for the brain, especially fast! I would every hour ate what some cookies, tea and sugar, a small bun.

• 4. Distractions / entertainment.

A useful point to not burn out. 45-60 minutes teaching the Old - 15 min walk around on the street / in the yard, just to be able to open the window and onto the street walking / jumping / jogging. Accelerate blood through the body, improve oxygen delivery. Do not linger, better rest and renewed energy to start burst out than nod, blunt, but stubbornly sit on and read the same paragraph 5 times.

Once a week, meet friends, walk, have fun (without the booze and all that). Then just do not burn out.

Nootropics:
To what I would paid attention in the 18 years with the current knowledge. Do not eat everything!

- Omega - 3. No money for branded jars - no problem! We ask mom or dad to buy cod liver canned bank worth 100 rubles. At 100g - about 10-20 grams of omega-3. Enough for 4-5 in the breakfast sandwiches. Slightly more expensive - salmon or trout in a package of 200-300 grams.
- Vitamins. With good nutrition they need to Heap although possible)
- Caffeine. In the afternoon, it itself! 100-200 mg, but not later than 4 hours before bedtime. Bank of 100 capsules of 200 mg is 400-500 rubles. Option easier - to drink coffee or green tea.
- Noopept. OTC Mighty nootropic drug, 2-3 tablets a day.
- Piracetam. Effects / side effects very good ratio. Drink to call can not, because prescription medicine.
- Phenibut. Long thought to include it in the list or not. I would try to Table 1 on a typical day, and if it became calmer, it is possible to eat on the day of the exam. Tremor and energy there is already enough, but maintain composure and not to look at his watch every minute - worth much. Again, I do not call to drink.
- Adaptogens. Here without comment. Ginseng, Eleutherococcus, etc. Drink instructions.
- Glycine. Under the language of 300-600 mg per day, and 1-1.5 m before bedtime.

Perhaps this is all! Do not bother with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, MAOIs, neurotransmitter agonists and other "difficult" nootropics.
The training plan, sleep, nutrition, and rest - it is 90-95 percent% success in the exam. On the other hand, if you get tired quickly, the caffeine and a half times increase productivity, as a result - more learn and be better prepared.

Parting words
In the life of all do not care about your score or assessment on the exam. The most valuable properties are:
- Communication skills (including a good sense of humor). This feature includes the notorious "connection", and friends, and relationships with the opposite sex and more.
- Entrepreneurship / courage. Do not whine, do not piss! And at the same time remember the adage, "Measure seven times - 1 cut once", some are just too tightened, and other "cut from the shoulder."
- Total mind, erudition. This is not meant to be an excellent student, and soon - the ability to insert their word at the right time in the right place and without tediousness. These people simply can not succeed in life, especially if you are adventurous.
- Appearance. Meet on clothes after all. No, you do not need to lead healthy lifestyles, be fit, sports and so on. This is a nice bonus. The idea is that the person does not stink out of his mouth, so he did not go in rags (if you can afford other clothing). In order to not produce negative impressions. So prepare thoroughly, the students - a good thing)

But do not be discouraged if something does not work. Life can be exciting and fun, and without the "Higher education".

How real is supermemory

In the early 20th century in the textbooks on psychology could meet the definition of that memory - the property of the soul. Previously, all the scientific world shared the concept of the brain, mind and soul. Now science is almost certainly talking about the mind and the brain as a single whole, leaving aside the unknown soul.

People at all times considered themselves the most intelligent and research, and in the early 20th century, used cocaine as a remedy for toothache. Most likely, in 50-100 years, on our current opinions people will be judged as an arrogant fool. And after 100 years will be about the same and think about the future generation towards us. The truth about the brain will change constantly, because it is not an exact science.

We live and we see only a small segment of the development of science and do not know what lies ahead. Therefore, the information in this release is current data for this time, but something tells me that this information will remain for a long time.

Short-term and long-term memory
The first was Ebbinghaus, he proved in part, that the memory is fickle and divided into regular intervals. Being on a conditional line, where the starting point of the event itself, and then the time line. Ebbinghaus split line on the 2 conditional periods: short-term memory, where "I remember a lot," and the long-term, where the memory is weakened.

Then 2 German Muller and Piltseker found that when a person is to challenge, immediately after his stop learning, then he does not remember anything. But if it is done within 20 minutes of forgetting occurs. This distinction is held still, the memory of the short-term to long formed for 15-20 minutes. If a person comes great stress: shock, concussion, concussion - that he is either bad, or do not remember the last minutes before the stress. It is scientifically proven.

Carl Danton subjected to serious stress mice, he beats shock, caused convulsions, hope only for the sake of science. He proved similar processes in animals, the same 15-20 minutes. It turned out that this gap connects so many animals with short and long-term memory.

Holger Hiden was more humane, and taught the mice to run on the rope, to get food from the feeders. In short I forced them to strain your brain and learning skills. Cool guy in our theme) Hiden discovered bursts the synthesis of RNA and protein in the creation of teaching moments. Mice, literally, "shaking their brains", but thin, not inflating the skull as a conventional swing skeletal muscles.

Further logic again, so let's introduce them to a temporary inhibitor of RNA synthesis, the animals studied, and the proteins were not created. Introduced, created the conditions for the training, the protein is not created, the mouse study. But what garbage - they remember everything ... for 15 minutes! And then the utter forgetfulness forever. It turned out that RNA synthesis will love involved in long-term memory. This, comrades, is already the future! As in the movie "Men in Black", you are representing that you can delete a piece of the latest developments for all, if you enter the creation of RNA inhibitor. Scope - thousands: the consequences of military clashes with all the horrors, trauma, etc. On the other hand, if the bit to enhance the creation of proteins, RNA synthesis - the memory will be better. And this data is the second half of the 20th century!

Now, the best minds to dig even deeper this issue, highlighting the different parts of the brain, where the proteins are better or worse, breaking forms of memory: visual, auditory, tactile, skills or memory of the past, events. Eric Kendel in 2000 received the Nobel Prize for finding the learning process chain leading from the membrane of the cell nucleus to the genome. Genome - a database of DNA and RNA, which stores various information about the human ancestors, hereditary information. In practice, this means that many diseases are associated with impairment of intelligence are innate and acquired in the first months of life.

Next it was clarified specific proteins that are involved in memory and learning - Neurotrophins. A neurotransmitter glutamate receptors is a "dam" which is passed over the activated state "water" or nerve impulses in the brain. Discovery is becoming more and more, but one thing is for sure: the memory - it is a process, not a place. Now in general there is a promising idea that any violation of the memory can be restored.

To improve memory use – Semax, Phenotropil, Cogitum, Gliatilin and Noopept.

Imagine a path in the woods, which often go by, it is flat, rather broad and trampled. It has no branches and no grass grows. But the fallen tree, and all of its starting to crawl. It has been rain - pools, the new changes. Ultimately, about this trail forget. But if there are a few years pass, some fragments will be visible. And they can reunite. Our memory - is including a chain of neurons in the brain pathway. We can forget it, but it should always be in the brain, and when re-start "to remember" read an old favorite book, watch a movie, go out for his native land - it will return the emotions and "cleanse the overgrown path in the head." However, inevitably there will be distortion, this will be the next release.

Now experts are increasingly convinced that man never forgets anything, and memory problems - these are problems with access to it, rather than its "removal".

Memory Formation
Thus, the memory associated with such words as "long-term potentiation", "RNA synthesis", "Acetylcholine" and "neurotrophins". These items are worthy of individual plots. Briefly and clearly go over these words:

• 1.Long-term potentiation. Who looks for a long time this channel - should remember glutamate, AMPA and NMDA receptors. Their essence: if you want a good memory - are actively something to learn and repeat, preferably at low stress. So there is a long-term potentiation.
• 2.Synthesis of RNA. The primary function of RNA - the transfer of genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes. Recent build protein compounds. This is the theory of memory as a physical element, or rather the protein. And the better the synthesis of RNA takes place, the better it is cost protein, especially as it is more room for storage.
• 3.Acetylcholine. This reason neurotransmitter present in large quantities in people with high IQ, and vice versa. Clearly, this is a conditional tool for assessing intelligence, but still. Acetylcholine is functioning very poorly in patients with Alzheimer's who are suffering from serious memory lapses. The logic can be traced clearly acetylcholine undoubtedly somehow involved in the processes of memory and intelligence in general.
• 4.Neurotrophins. Old-subscribers nootrop-addicts it should also be remembered. Neurotrophins - a protein compounds, which "build, develop" neurons, the brain cells. Are involved in the "life extension" of old neurons and even branching relationships with others. Something like a broadband connection. Neurotrophins and perform other functions, such as a connection to their lowest levels in depressed patients.

Getting better, smarter, more successful! See you later!