Deprim (St John's wort) tablets - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects, Reviews

Synonyms: Deprim (St John's wort) tablets

Active substance: St John’s wort.

ATC - N06AX Other antidepressants.

Pharmacological group - Antidepressants. Sedatives.

Hypericum perforatum, known as perforate St John's-wort,common Saint John's wort and St John's wort is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. The common name "St John's wort" may be used to refer to any species of the genus Hypericum. Therefore, Hypericum perforatum is sometimes called "common St John's wort" or "perforate St John's wort" in order to differentiate it. It is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity and potent anti-inflammatory properties as an arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and COX-1 inhibitor. You can buy Deprim.

Deprim (St John's wort) tablets Variations

Deprim (St John's wort) tablets - tablets 60 mg, N30

Deprim (St John's wort) tablets - pills 425 mg, N20

Nosological classification (ICD–10)

F32.0 depressive episode of mild;

F32.1 Depressive episode average degree;

F38 Other disorders of mood [affective];

N95.1 menopausal and menopausal status of women;

R53 Malaise and fatigue.

Deprim (St John's wort) tablets Composition, structure and packing

Deprim: tablets, coated green, round, biconvex.

1 tab.

dry standardized extract of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) 60 mg

including hypericin (shared) 300 mcg

Other ingredients: lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, talc, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide.

Cover structure: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, talc, carnauba wax, glaze green, blue glaze, titanium dioxide (E171).

Deprim forte: Hard gelatin capsules, opaque, green; contents of capsules - compact granules, greenish-brown or grayish-brown in color with a characteristic smell, size 0.

1 caps.

dry standardized extract of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) 425 mg

including hypericin (shared) 1 mg

Other ingredients: lactose monohydrate, cellulose, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, talc, gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, water, coloring (titanium dioxide E171, chlorophyll-copper complex E141), purified water.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action - anxiolytic, antidepressant.

Sedative medicines. The main active ingredients of Hypericum - hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin and flavonoids - improve the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous system.

Despres improves mood, normalizes sleep, improves mental and physical activity.

Deprim (St John's wort) tablets Dosage

Adults and children over 12 years: 1 tablet. 3 times/day or 1 capsule 1 time/day (on a regular basis at the same time); if necessary, the dose may be increased to 2 capsules/day (in 2 divided doses). Children aged 6 to 12 years - under medical supervision for 1–2 tab./day in the morning and afternoon.

Optimal effect is achieved when the regular taking the drug for several weeks. The therapeutic effect of the drug appears 10–14 days after the beginning of reception.

When you pass one receiving the drug should be taken as soon as possible. If it is time for your next dose, do not take an extra dose to compensate for the missed doses. You should not take simultaneously two doses.

The drug should be taken orally with water.

Deprim (St John's wort) Overdose

Symptoms: increased side effects described, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness.

Treatment: removal of preparation of activated carbon.

St. John’s wort preparations acute poisoning in humans has been noted.

Deprim (St John's wort) Drug Interactions

Deprim activates microsomal oxidation (cytochrome P450), so caution should be prescribed at the same time taking anticonvulsants, antidepressants (reuptake inhibitors of serotonin), tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, Antimigraine drugs (triptans), oral hormonal contraceptives, cardiac glycosides (including.h. digoxin), theophylline, cyclosporine, indinavir, reserpine.

With simultaneous use may increase the effects Deprim funds for general anesthesia and opioid analgesics.

Pregnancy and lactation

Despite the lack of data on the harmful effects of the drug, taking Deprim with pregnancy and lactation is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or child.

Deprim (St John's wort) Side effects

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, constipation.

CNS: fatigue, anxiety.

Allergic reactions: flushing of the skin, itchy skin.

Dermatological reactions: in patients with hypersensitivity to sunlight concomitant use of drugs and sunbathing can cause sunburn (photosensitivity).

Indications

Depressed mood;

Depression of mild to moderate severity, accompanied by anxiety (including those related to menopausal syndrome);

Hypersensitivity to the weather.

Contraindications

Severe depression;

Children under 6 years of age (for film-coated tablets);

Children up to age 12 years (capsule);

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Cautions

Patients should be warned that in the absence of a therapeutic effect within 4–6 weeks after initiation of treatment should stop taking Deprim and contact your doctor.

Patients receiving the drug should avoid exposure to the sun and UV radiation (including sun deck).

Patients receiving the drug Deprim, should abstain from alcohol. Application in childhood

Contraindications: Children under 6 years of age (for film-coated tablets); Children up to age 12 years (capsule). Children aged 6 to 12 years - under medical supervision for 1–2 tab./Day in the morning and afternoon.

Deprim (St John's wort) Reviews

Helen, 29 years, I have almost two years on vacation for child care. Not communicate with friends, I do not have enough critical experiences! It seems that all what I do - it's cooking and feeding, the days pass quickly and equally. I already depressive character, and is the monotony of everyday life has led me to the strongest apathy. In addition, I have always suffered from lack of appetite: to eat once a day and eat three spoonfuls of soup for me was fine standards. About a week after I started taking "Deprim", I noticed that I wake up in the morning in a good mood, always got up early as on the wrong foot. There is a sense of hopelessness, or something, do not think that life goes by, I finally pulled myself together, set a specific goal and set about their performance! Improved appetite! Coming to the supermarket, I want to buy this and that, I know what I want for lunch, but before that was absolutely indifferent to food, it does not bring me pleasure. I eat several times a day.

This drug Deprim is more effective than all other sedatives with which I am familiar (Novopassit, Persen, Glycine). Rather like an elephant (mmm) !. In fact, it improves mood and good spirits - the key to a good day!

Anna 32 years: In general, these miracle pills Deprim (St.John’s wort) , at the moment - just my salvation, so I recommend them to anyone who needs it, but beware, it's still a medicine, so carefully read the information and consult a physician if necessary!

Multiple identity

"Split personality": whether this disease exists, how widespread it is and how doctors diagnose dissociative disorder

By dissociative identity disorder (or multiple personality disorder) is understood a set of mental disorders, in particular memory failures, impairments of consciousness and a sense of personal identity that lead to the fact that a person's personality is divided. Because of this, it seems that in one person there are several persons who may have different sex, age, social status, character. Simply put, it can be called a split personality, although one person can include a much larger number of "characters".

This disorder is considered quite rare, and very debatable is the question of the legality of this concept. Despite the fact that dissociative identity disorder is included in the ICD (International Classification of Diseases, Traumas and Causes of Death), in a number of countries doctors and scientists deny the existence of this disease

To improve your mental activity – Selank, Afobazole, Picamilon.

History and criticism of the concept

The description of this disorder has a fairly long history. The first case of dissociative personality disorder was described in the 16th century by the Swiss doctor, philosopher and alchemist Paracelsus. In his writings there are records of a woman who believed that she had someone stealing money, but in fact she was spending money on her second identity, which she did not know about.

In our time, a surge of interest in this problem is largely determined by the mainstream: this topic often appears in feature films, remember at least the same "Fight Club". Daniel Knight's book "Multiple Minds of Billy Milligan" is widely known, based on the real story of a man who had 24 different personalities. These facts lead to the fact that in recent years there has been an opinion among specialists about partially iatrogenic (that is actively provoked by intensified activity of psychotherapists who actively popularize, "untwine" the topic of such disorder, thereby attracting new clients and increasing their incomes) Pathology. In addition, the clinical reliability of this disorder can be questioned due to the fact that almost all cases described are closely related to legal practice and forensic psychiatric examination. For example, American Juanita Maxwell had six personalities, one of whom killed an elderly woman. As a result, Juanita was sent to a psychiatric hospital for treatment.

Establishing diagnosis
In the diagnosis of multiple personality disorders, it must first be differentiated with other dissociative disorders, such as an avoidance reaction or psychogenic amnesia. There are, of course, cases where split personality is only a game of fantasy, and not a disease, because, indeed, there are individuals who are predisposed to react in this way to some events in their lives. In forensic psychiatric practice, this can be a simulation.

As for deeper pathologies, say schizophrenia, then in that case, of course, the diagnosis should be differentiated. In patients with schizophrenia, there is often a belief in the presence of many different ego. Strictly speaking, schizophrenia is the splitting of personality. But here it is important to note that in our case we are exploring deep mental mechanisms that can lead to multiple personality disorder, that is, the phenomenon of dissociation-splitting off. And with schizophrenia, the phenomenon of splitting takes place, when the very core of the personality is destroyed, besides, in this case there are always a number of other phenomena: a violation of thinking, hallucinations.

In addition, when diagnosing a diagnosis, the possible connection between the onset of symptoms of dissociative disorder with the use of drugs or alcohol must be excluded, since in these cases completely different, exogenous mechanisms for the development of the pathological process can be involved. Some psychoactive substances are called "dissociatives" for this peculiar effect of a change in consciousness.

How is multiple personality disorder diagnosed? What is done for this, in addition to clinical observations and questionnaires? This, above all, the method of hypnosis, from medical methods - amytal-caffeine disinhibition. Here it plays a diagnostic character: a person is immersed in a special state when the subcortical structures hidden in everyday life are disinhibited. The patient, being in a euphoric-relaxed state, informs about himself information that was previously inaccessible either due to psychogenic amnesia or repression, or were concealed consciously. This method can be used not only with diagnostic, but also with a therapeutic purpose (for example, in patients in catatonic stupor). In addition to medical indications, disinhibition is widely used by various special services, where it appears as the "serum of truth" and serves to obtain the necessary (and truthful!) Information.

Causes of Dissociative Identity Disorder

Concerning the etiology, the origin of this disorder opinions converge: it is assumed that the conditions conducive to the development of this condition are most often severe, traumatic situations associated with violence. It refers to physical, sexual or psychological violence, suffered in childhood, that is, such a delayed version of the response to a psychotrauma. Approximately 80% of patients manage to find out that in childhood they had episodes of violence or incest or some other severe stressful situations.

There is also the so-called personal predisposition. After all, not every person will react to violence in this way. What else is needed for this? It should be a light personality that is capable of such dissociative response mechanisms. In our domestic psychiatric tradition, such individuals are considered within the framework of a hysterical disorder. This is usually quite demonstrative people, prone to a certain theatrics, loving to make a vivid impression on others and to be always in the center of attention.

In some works, attention is focused on a certain organic inferiority of the nervous system. In particular, there are observations according to which deviations in the encephalogram were observed in 25% of patients with this diagnosis who were in the field of view of psychiatrists. They had changes characteristic of the patient with temporal epilepsy. Thus, the characteristics of the brain can also become a factor that leads to a dissociative identity disorder.

As for the clinical features, it is worth noting the interesting fact: when examining patients usually do not reveal anything unusual in mental status, except perhaps amnesia of certain moments (namely those when one person replaced another, and the dominant personality does not remember what preceded This). The nature of the behavior of the patient's personalities can be so different, the changes can be so sharp that switching can occur within a few seconds, and amnesia can occur in such brief periods of time. But more than that, amnesia can not always happen: a person remembers what happened to him, although his other personality was active; Several personalities seem to coexist in real time.

To various kinds of bifurcations and stratifications of personality can lead experiments with psychedelics, which in themselves are dissociatives. In the fifties of the last century, they tried to experiment with these drugs for scientific purposes, in order, for example, to recreate the model of schizophrenia. But nothing good has ended, the damage ultimately exceeded the benefits of these experiments, some volunteers who participated in them, never managed to return to their previous state.

Multiple Individuals
The range of connections of this disorder with other diseases is very wide. Since there are several individuals, they can be as mentally healthy in themselves individually, and each of them may or may not have any degree of pathology. Pathologies can be very different: from mood disorders and anxiety to mental retardation. Individuals also differ in their cognitive functioning: they may have different IQs. Sometimes it even happens that different personalities require glasses with different diopters, that is, it comes to differences not only in psychological, but also in physiological indicators.

In order not to be confused with personalities, they are given certain names or some functional characteristics, let's say "defender". Accordingly, they can differ by sex and nationality and can refer to different families. The famous American psychologist Eric Berne came up with the theory that each person has a child, a parent and an adult. And in our case it often happens that one of the subpersonalities refers to a child, someone cares, and someone protects. Thus, stressful situations are played out, which could serve as a trigger mechanism for the onset of this disorder, but they recoup in a sufficiently safe manner. In order to avoid an unbearable burden of the situation, a person seems to think up several roles, his psychological defense mechanism tries to outplay this stressful situation in the safest possible way.

Switching between individuals usually happens somehow so unexpectedly and dramatically, up to the fact that one person has entered the train on the subway, and another person has left on another station. There are no clear mechanisms for the transition of one person to another, just like the periodicity of their change.

Statistics of morbidity
According to general statistical data, about forty thousand cases of dissociative personality disorder have been described. But this number included a lot of dubious cases from a serious clinical point of view, which psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and psychologists, who are not experts in the field of psychopathology, were engaged in, and it is difficult to draw unambiguous diagnostic conclusions from their descriptions. In addition, there are 350 officially registered case histories with the established diagnosis of multiple personality disorder (column in ICD-10: F.44.8).

Recent research shows that this disorder is not as rare as previously thought. The most frequent cases are in adolescence, in young people, and this disease occurs in women with a large preponderance - the ratio here is about 1 to 10. And already there are genetic data suggesting that this disease can be hereditary: near the closest relatives Who are ill, that is, relatives of the first degree of kinship, also have a predisposition to such pathologies.

There is an opinion, in particular, in the West, that such a disorder should be considered not a disease, but a variant of the norm. This is just an existential state of the multiple personality, which is not uncomfortable, does not cause any social consequences, and "individuals", respectively, do not seek help, therefore, they are not subject to involuntary treatment. An example is the bestseller "When a rabbit howls" by the authorship of Truddy Chase, who had symptoms of this disorder. She refused to integrate subpersonalities into a single whole, claiming that all her personalities exist as a collective, they are all dear to her, and she would not want to part with them.

Prognosis and treatment
In psychiatry, there is one general rule: the earlier the frustration begins, the worse the social prognosis. Specialists note that dissociative identity disorder, when compared with other personality disorders, is considered to be the most severe and chronic. Recovery is usually not complete. This is due to the fact that, as mentioned above, each of the personalities may have their own mental disorders, including other dissociative disorders.

The main method of treatment is psychotherapy - in particular, cognitive and rational psychotherapy, aimed at developing criticism for one's condition. These are methods aimed at changing stereotypes of thinking, inappropriate thoughts, beliefs. This is a structured learning, which includes the training of consciousness. Specialists in the field of behavioral psychology are engaged in such therapy. Therapies include group psychotherapy, family therapy, for example, and everything related to the criticism of the conflicts underlying the need for a multitude of personalities. That is, it is important to try, although it is very difficult, to reproduce all possible traumas that contribute to the onset of disorders, and to respond to them.

All methods are reduced to attempts to integrate all "split" individuals into one. And to collect the necessary information, since these are all repressed things, you can use hypnosis and conversation under disinhibition. But hypnosis is a double-edged weapon: it can be very damaging, the impact must be straightforwardly jeweled.

There is an insight-oriented psychodynamic therapy that lasts for years. It is also aimed at overcoming the traumatic situation. The subtlety is that a psychotherapist who deals with such patients must turn to each person in turn, work with each of them, take them equally, respect them, in no case take one side if there is an internal conflict.

As for the drug treatment, it is exclusively symptomatic and is directed only at some secondary disorders that occur. Suppose, with depression and anxiety, respectively, antidepressants and tranquilizers are used.

Disease of Western civilization
We do not have enough data to unambiguously attribute dissociative disorders to some cultural peculiarities. Some nations - Eskimos, Malays - there are states when they are as if possessed by a certain creature (for example, amok). But as for the disorder in the form of a multiple personality, it is the prerogative of the Western world. This is, as it were, a model of a modern type of response to certain situations: the cult of self-sufficiency of the individual is developed in the West, a careful attitude towards man as an individual is declared. And therefore, even overcoming unbearable stressful situations, a person does not just remain a person, but he multiplies as a person. That is, it is not just a way to help yourself, but a way to express yourself to some extent.

In this disorder, there is a definite - though paradoxical - narcissism. After all, it's beautiful, it's unusual, it leads to the training of some functions that are not in demand in real life. Man, as it were, leads a kind of role-playing game with himself, experiencing a false sense of self-sufficiency. But in the end social ties begin to suffer, because in the modern world and one individual person often there are problems with integration into society, not to mention the multiple shoots that bud off from the mother-soul.

Cortexin lyophilisate for solution - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects, Reviews

ATC - N06BX Other psychostimulants and nootropics.

Pharmacological group - Nootropics.

Cortexin is widely used by doctors in neurological diseases and pathological processes associated with a disorder of brain function. The breadth of the spectrum efficiency covers all age groups, from newborns to the first day of life. The biological nature of the product allows you to run a short course of the internal mechanisms that restore the normal functioning of the brain. The effectiveness persists for several months. Cortexin Security confirmed practice of the drug in millions of patients, both in Russia and abroad. You can buy Cortexin.

Nosological classification (ICD–10)

F06.6 Organic emotionally labile [ asthenic] disorder;

F80 Specific developmental disorders of speech and language;

F81 Specific developmental disorders of learning skills;

G04 Encephalitis, myelitis and encephalomyelitis;

Epilepsy, unspecified G40.9;

G80 Cerebral Palsy;

G93.4 Encephalopathy, unspecified;

I63 Cerebral infarction;

I67.9 Cerebrovascular disease, unspecified;

I69.3 The consequences of cerebral infarction;

R41.3 Other amnesia;

R41.8.0 * Disorders Intellectual mnestic;

R53 Malaise and fatigue;

R62.0 delay stages of development;

S06 intracranial injury.

Cerebrolysin Composition, structure and packing

The lyophilisate for solution for IM administration in the form of powder or porous white or white with a yellowish tint.

Excipients: glycine.

Cerebrolysin Pharmacological action

Nootropic drug.

Soluble complex comprises a polypeptide of low molecular weight fractions having a molecular weight less than 10 000 Daltons isolated from the cerebral cortex of cattle. Penetrate the BBB directly to the nerve cells. The drug has nootropic, neuroprotective, antioxidant and tissue-specific effects.

Nootropic effect

Improves higher brain function, learning and memory, concentration, stability under various stress conditions.

Neuroprotective effects

Protects neurons from neurotoxic injury various endogenous factors (glutamate, calcium ions, free radicals), reduces the toxic effects of psychotropic substances.

Antioxidant effect

Inhibits lipid peroxidation in neurons increases neuronal survival under conditions of oxidative stress and hypoxia.

Tissue-specific action

Activates metabolism of neurons in central and peripheral nervous system repair processes, improves function of the cerebral cortex and the overall tone of the nervous system.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action Cortexin due to activation peptide neurons and neurotrophic factors brain; optimization balance metabolism excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, dopamine, serotonin; GABA-ergic effects; declining paroxysmal seizure activity in the brain, the ability to improve its bioelectric activity, preventing the formation of free radicals (peroxidation products lipid).

Pharmacokinetics

Cortexin composition, the active ingredient of which is a complex of polypeptide fractions, does not allow for the usual pharmacokinetic analysis of individual components.

Cerebrolysin Dosage

The drug is administered IM.

Adult drug administered in a dose of 10 mg 1 time/day for 10 days, children weighing less than 20 kg - 0.5 mg/kg body weight, weighing more than 20 kg - 10 mg/day for 10 days.

For children weighing less than 20 kg of the drug is administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight, with children weighing more than 20 kg - 10 mg/day for 10 days.

If necessary, a second course of 3–6 months.

Terms of solution preparation

Contents of the vial were dissolved in 2.1 ml of 0.5% solution of procaine (Novocaine), water for injection or 0.9% solution of sodium chloride.

Cerebrolysin Overdose

Currently, the cases of drug overdose Cerebrolysin were reported.

Cerebrolysin Drug Interactions

Prescribed drug interaction Cortexin not described.

Cerebrolysin at Pregnancy and lactation

The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy (due to the lack of clinical trial data).

The appointment during lactation should stop breastfeeding (due to lack of clinical trial data).

Cerebrolysin Side effects

The individual hypersensitivity to the drug.

Cerebrolysin Indications

In the treatment of the following conditions and diseases:

Cerebrovascular accident;

Traumatic brain injury and its consequences;

Encephalopathy of different genesis;

Cognitive disorders (disorders of memory and thinking);

Acute and chronic encephalitis and encephalomyelitis;

epilepsy ;

Asthenic conditions;

Suprasegmental autonomic dysfunction;

Decreased ability to learn;

Delayed psychomotor and speech development in children;

Critical states newborns with perinatal lesions of the nervous system;

Various forms of cerebral palsy.

Cerebrolysin Contraindications

Pregnancy;

Lactation (breastfeeding);

Drug idiosyncrasy.

Cerebrolysin Cautions

Use Cortexin only on prescription.

Bottle dissolved drug can not be stored and used after storage.

Drug solution Cortexin not recommended to mix with other solutions.

Features of action of the drug at the first reception or its cancellation absent.

When you miss an injection is not recommended for a double dose, and that the next injection as usual on the planned date.

Special precautions for the destruction of unused medications are not required.

Cerebrolysin Reviews

Irene, 37 years,Neuroprotective drugs Cortexin - Restores the nervous system and brain

Cortexin we appointed times and the older child and younger. Diagnoses were supplied is different, but the effectiveness was evident in all cases.

The older child had problems after the birth trauma of remembering and writing text. We administered twice a year (spring and autumn) ten Cortexin injection. The child himself noted after the third injection of an effective drug exposure. Last spring, after the course it is much better to learn and he believes that Cortexin gave him the opportunity to finish school so much better than expected by some teachers.

The younger child was diagnosed with "facial nerve paresis" and whatnot. After the fourth year we have removed almost all diagnoses.

Cortexin is worth, in my opinion, expensive. The problem is that, for example, buying a baby medicine, we used only a quarter of the vials, because a lesser dosage Cortexin not released. In order to reduce the cost of the course, we have a woman in the clinic agreed to come at the same time. Her child was administered a quarter of the solution, and our quarter was administered. In our out-patient department, many do so. But it is hard to find "a couple" at a time when you are undergoing treatment in the treatment room.

We put the kid on novocaine Cortexin. But for anotherchild - water for injection. Cortexin strongly foams when shaken to dissolve the drug in a solvent. Therefore, it is not necessary to shake the vial tight. The foam settles for a long time.

Son after he put Cortexin without novocaine said that hurt. On the other hand, it novokain- drug. Pretty risky to enter in one syringe, two drugs. We had a little wait.

The drug is effective, but expensive. However, I can say that Cortexin- one of the few drugs gives a visible effect after the course.

Marina 29 years, Neuroprotective drugs Cortexin - The injection of good quality.

Neuroprotective drugs a lot, and sometimes it can be hard to choose. The criteria are different. Someone wants nootrop tablets, someone in the injections. Of course with minor complaints such as the deterioration of memory and attention, you can take inexpensive tablets, such as Piracetam, and it will prove sufficient. If the patient has dizziness and noise in my head, it is best to take Betaver in a good dosage and drink course.

But if the patient is heavy, such as after a stroke or cerebrovascular accident expressed sharply, from tablets little effect, it is necessary to take the drug injections, for example Cortexin. Indications of course more here and traumatic brain injury (for which I recommend to pierce even when feeling well, so you do not have surfaced consequences). Cortexin also widely used in pediatrics, prescribed to children who need help in the development (I have seen many children who would benefit from such therapy, but not to the parents "trivia").

Contraindications as there are none. You can not only pregnant, breast-feeding and those who have intolerance. I'd add that should not be, and those patients who are allergic to glycine because it is part of the freeze-dried product.

Unlike Mexidol, it is not necessary to continue tablets. The rest of the courses of treatment at the doctor's discretion.

Well I can say that the drug is effective, if properly appointed and, if necessary, is part of a complex therapy. Children learn better and develop. Adults think better, more successful work, better tolerate stress, calm down signs of cerebrovascular accidents.

I recommend this drug, and if you have appointed him, take a course, will not be superfluous!

Strongest Painkiller Medicine Pentalgin for Toothache

Toothache

Feeling pain in the teeth, which in medicine is called odontalgiey, familiar to almost everyone. In most cases odontalgiya caused by these or other problems with your teeth, but may also occur in the pathology of other structures of the face and skull, and therefore requires a mandatory visit to a specialist. Many people believe odontalgiyu the strongest kind of pain, because it causes a very severe discomfort. Sometimes without taking pain medication for teeth can neither eat nor sleep, nor work. Therefore, until the inevitable visit to the dentist is important to find an effective remedy for toothache.

How does a toothache?

Remedy for toothache may be needed for different feelings: not strong aching, throbbing, sharp shooting pain, donating (radiate) in the ear or temple and even provoking a headache. Very often one can not in this condition to eat or drink, as the pain increases at the slightest touch to the teeth, as well as exposure to heat or cold.

What causes toothache?

The main cause of toothache is tooth tissue damage or nerve, passing directly in the tooth or in the surrounding tissues.

Such damage can be caused by a variety of dental diseases.

Caries. This condition is characterized by progressive destruction of tooth structure - starting with the enamel and dentin finishing. A key role in the occurrence of caries play pathogens carrying the fermentation of carbohydrates by plaque. Therefore, important factors influencing the emergence and development of caries are the nature and mode of supply (consumption of carbohydrates), oral hygiene, general health. The cure for a toothache may be required in caries occasionally (after taking the hot, cold, acidic foods), or almost always (if the disease is "running" and its treatment takes a long time, during which you want to stop the excruciating pain).

Pulpitis. It is an inflammation of the neurovascular bundle (pulp) passing in the tooth. Most often it is a complication of tooth decay. The pain of pulpitis is particularly intense and frequent radiating to the upper or lower jaw, increased at night. Struck by the tooth is very sensitive to heat and cold, and the pain can continue even after removal of the irritating factor.

Periodontitis. In this disease, inflammation spreads to the tissues surrounding the tooth. Usually the pain is accompanied by swelling in periodontitis and bleeding gums, followed by loosening of a tooth.

Admission tablet toothache when dental disease can be only a temporary measure. It should immediately consult your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Pain in the teeth may also occur in other states:

with sensitive teeth: it may be caused not only tooth decay but also for other reasons, and manifest the emergence of pain in the teeth when exposed to cold or heat, sour, sweet or too coarse food;

when injury of dental tissues: bruises, sprains and fractures of the tooth appear sharp pain, some discomfort may be felt after treatment tooth dentist (for example, after filling);

for trigeminal neuralgia: one of its main symptoms is quite intensive sweep pain in the upper or lower jaw, usually one-sided.

The cure for toothache Pentalgin

Unfortunately, not always possible to toothache quickly get to the dentist. Discomfort may be surprised at work, away on business or leisure trip. To facilitate his fortune to visit a doctor, you can take modern medicine for toothache Pentalgin. The structure consists of 5 Pentalgin tablets known components: naproxen, paracetamol, Drotaverinum, pheniramine and caffeine.

Naproxen - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Thanks to him, the tablet toothache can reduce inflammation, swelling and pain directly in the tooth and its surrounding tissues. Due to the long excretion of naproxen has a prolonged analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Paracetamol is a central analgesic, ie, affects the perception of pain in the brain and is involved in the functioning of the so-called antinociceptive systems of the body - a special system, whose work is aimed at the suppression of pain. Because paracetamol can be used as a pain reliever for teeth with different types of pain, including the pain of trigeminal neuralgia. An important feature is the rapid development of paracetamol analgesic effect - as a rule, within half an hour after taking the drug. One of the Best Nooropic drug is Semax.

Inclusion of caffeine and of the means pheniramine toothache due to their ability to enhance the effect of analgesics, which allows to reduce the dose of the individual components and thus reduce the risk of dose-related side effects.

The cure for toothache Pentalgin released from pharmacies without a prescription. Thanks to the carefully thought-out structure, which ensures the impact of the drug to several mechanisms of pain, Pentalgin can help with a toothache of different backgrounds.

Nootropil (Piracetam) tablets, oral solution - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects, Reviews

Synonyms: Alcetam, Anacervix (Piracetam and Vincamine), Antikun, Benocetam, Biotropil, Braintop, Breinox, Brenaris, Bretam, Ceact, Cebragil, Cebrotonin, Cerebrofil, Cerebrol, Cerebryl, Cerecetam, Cerepar, Ceretam, Cervas, Cetam, Cetoros, Cetrop, Chepamed, Ciclobrain, Ciclofalina, Cintilan, Cognicid, Combitropil (Piracetam and Cinnarizine), Conica, Cuxabrain, Cytropil, Devincal (Piracetam and Vincamine), Diemil (Piracetam and Dihydroergocristine), Doc Pirace, Docpirace, Drecaden, Embol, Enoli, Ethopil, Eubrain, Exit (Piracetam and Cinnarizine), Fepinram, Fepiram, Fesamol (Piracetam and Cinnarizine), Funow, Gabacet, Geratam, Gotropil, Gracetam, Hamgo, Hasancetam, Hong Wei Li Di, Irahex, Isketam (Piracetam and Dihydroergocristine), Jiesilin (Piracetam and Choline), Kalicor, Kang Ling, Kang Rong, Ke Jie, Knowful, Latropil, Lilonton, Linoopil, Lobelo, Logen, Logofren, Lu Si Qi, Lucetam, Lutrotam, Mai En Xi, Maxitam, Mecetam, Meditam, Memopil, Memoril, Memotal, Memotropil, Mempil, Mersitropil, Mincetam, Myocalm, Naatrapyl, Neotrop, Neurobasal, Neurocet, Neurocetam, Neurolep, Neuropil, Neuropyl, Neurostim, Neurotam, Neu-Stam, Ning Xiu Xin, Nobisin, Nocetam, Noesin, Noforit, Noobica, Noocetam, Noodis, Noogica, Noojohn, Noopol, Noostan, Nootrocet, Nootron, Nootrop, Nootropidil, Nootropil, Nootrop-Piracetam, Nootropyl, Normabrain, Normacetam, Nörotrop, Notrotam, N-Piracetam, Nufacetam, Nupic, Nurocer, Nutam, Nuxitam, Oikamid, Omaron (Piracetam and Cinnarizine), Orotam, Oxebral, Oxynium, P-Cetam, Phezam (Piracetam and Cinnarizine), Picedin, Picetam, Pira, Pirabene, Piracebral, Piracem, Piracet, Piracetam - Changzheng-Xinkai Pharm, Piracetam - Chase Sun Pharm, Piracetam - Tianfeng Pharm, Piracetam AbZ, Piracetam AL, Piracétam Arrow, Piracétam Biogaran, Piracetam Borisov, Piracetam Center, Piracetam Changzheng-Xinkai, Piracetam Chemax Pharma, Piracetam DHG, Piracetam EG, Piracétam EG, Piracetam Generis, Piracetam Genfar, Piracetam LPH, Piracetam Lucas Djaja, Piracetam MK, Piracétam Mylan, Piracetam OGB Dexa, Piracetam Pharbaco, Piracétam Qualimed, Piracetam Ratiopharm, Piracétam RPG, Piracetam Sandoz, Piracétam Sandoz, Piracetam SIC BHFZ, Piracetam Sopharma, Piracetam STADA, Piracetam Teva, Piracétam Teva, Piracetam UCB, Piracetam Ying Yuan, Piracétam Zydus, Piracetam, Piracetam Hasan, Piracetamas Sanitas, Piracetam-CT, Piracetam-Egis, Piracetam-ELBE-MED, Piracetam-Eurogenerics, Piracetam-Grindeks, Piracetam-neuraxpharm, Piracetam-ratiopharm, Piracetams, Piracetop, Piracetrop, Piranis, Pirastam, Piratam, Piratin, Piratrof, Pisanta, Pratropil, Primatam, Psycoton, Pyracetam-Darnitsa, Pyramem, Pyraminol, Qing Da, Racetam, Resibron, Revolan, Rizetam, Rofew, Scantropil, Scarda, Sevotam, Si Bi Ke, Si Tai, Sotropil, Stamin, Syntam, Tan Fu, Tong Tan Kang, Ucetam, Viner (Piracetam and Aminobutyric Acid, þ-), Xin Ao Xin, Yi An Nuo, YiTing, Zhen Xi.

Active substance: Piracetam.

ATC - N06BX03 Piracetam.

Pharmacological group – Nootropics.

Piracetam (sold under many brand names) is a nootropic drug in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid).

Piracetam's mechanism of action, as with racetams in general, is not fully understood. The drug influences neuronal and vascular functions and influences cognitive function without acting as a sedative or stimulant.[6] Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor. It is hypothesized to act on ion channels or ion carriers, thus leading to increased neuron excitability. GABA brain metabolism and GABA receptors are not affected by piracetam.

It has been found to increase blood flow and oxygen consumption in parts of the brain, but this may be a side effect of increased brain activity rather than a primary effect or mechanism of action for the drug.

Piracetam improves the function of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine via muscarinic cholinergic (ACh) receptors, which are implicated in memory processes. Furthermore, piracetam may have an effect on NMDA glutamate receptors, which are involved with learning and memory processes. Piracetam is thought to increase cell membrane permeability. Piracetam may exert its global effect on brain neurotransmission via modulation of ion channels (i.e., Na+, K+). It has been found to increase oxygen consumption in the brain, apparently in connection to ATP metabolism, and increases the activity of adenylate kinase in rat brains. Piracetam, while in the brain, appears to increase the synthesis of cytochrome b5, which is a part of the electron transport mechanism in mitochondria. But in the brain, it also increases the permeability of the mitochondria of some intermediaries of the Krebs cycle. You can buy Nootropil.

Nosological classification (ICD–10)

D57.1 Sickle-cell disease without crisis;

F00 Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (G30 +)

F01 Vascular dementia;

F03 Dementia, unspecified;

F06.3 Organic mood disorder [affective ];

F07 Disorders of personality and behavior due to illness, injury or brain dysfunction;

F07.0 Personality disorder of organic etiology;

F07.1 Post-encephalitic syndrome;

F07.2 Postcontusion syndrome;

F07.8 Other organic personality disorder and behavior due to illness, injury and brain dysfunction;

F10.2 Alcohol dependence syndrome;

F10.3 abstinence;

F81 Specific developmental disorders of learning skills;

G25.3 Myoclonus;

G30 Alzheimer’s disease;

G92 Toxic encephalopathy;

G93.4 Encephalopathy, unspecified;

H81 Disorders of vestibular function;

H81.4 Vertigo of central origin;

I63 Cerebral infarction;

I69 Effects of cerebrovascular diseases;

R41.3.0 * Reduced memory;

R41.8.0 * Disorders Intellectual mnestic;

R47 speech disorders, not elsewhere classified;

T90.5 Effects of intracranial injury.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Composition, structure and packing

Film-coated tablets are white or nearly white, oblong, with transverse separation scored on both sides, on one side of the tablet on the right and left of the risks engraved “N”;

Other ingredients: silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, macrogol 6000, croscarmellose sodium; Opadry Y–1–7000 (titanium dioxide (E171), macrogol 400, hypromellose 2910 5sR (E464)), Opadry OY-S–29019 (hypromellose 2910 50sR, macrogol 6000).

Oral solution is colorless and transparent.

Vials of dark glass complete with measuring glass.

Excipients: 27 g of glycerol 85%, 300 mg of Sodium saccharin, 200 mg of sodium acetate, 135 mg of methyl parahydroxybenzoate, 15 mg of propyl parahydroxybenzoate, 30 mg Apricot flavor, 15 mg caramel flavor, glacial acetic acid 16 mg ± 5%, Purified water 62.1 g ± 5%.

Active substance 1 tab. 1 tab. 1 ml

piracetam 800 mg 1200 mg 200 mg

Nootropil (Piracetam) Pharmacological action

Nootropic drug cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Available data indicate that the main mechanism of action of piracetam is not cell-specific or organ specific.

Piracetam is associated with the polar heads of phospholipids to form mobile complexes piracetam-phospholipid. As a result of recovering the cell structure of the membrane bilayer and its stability, which in turn leads to the reconstruction of three-dimensional structure of the membrane and transmembrane proteins and restoring their function.

At the neuronal level, piracetam facilitates various types of synaptic transmission, providing a preferential effect on the density and activity of postsynaptic receptors (data obtained in animal studies).

Piracetam improves functions such as learning, memory, attention and consciousness, without causing sedation or psychostimulant effects.

Hemorheological effects of piracetam associated with its effect on red blood cells, platelets and vascular wall.

In patients with sickle cell anemia piracetam increases in deformation ability of erythrocytes, and reduce the blood viscosity prevents formation of a “rouleaux”. Furthermore, it reduces platelet aggregation without causing significant influence on their amount.

Animal studies have shown that piracetam prevents vasospasm and counteracts various vasospastic substances.

In studies in healthy volunteers piracetam reduced adhesion of red blood cells to the vascular endothelium and stimulated production of prostacyclin healthy endothelium.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

After oral dose Piracetam is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After receiving a single dose of the drug in 3.2 g of C max was 84 mcg/mL after multiple administration at a dose 3.2 mg three times/day –115 ug/ml achieved after 1 h in the blood plasma after 5 hours in the cerebrospinal fluid. Food intake reduces C max by 17% and increases to 1.5 T max h Women piracetam when receiving a dose of 2.4 g of C max and AUC by 30% more than men.

Distribution and metabolism

Does not bind to plasma proteins.

Piracetam V d is about 0.6 liter/kg.

In animal studies revealed that piracetam is selectively accumulated in cortex tissues, mainly in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes in the basal ganglia and cerebellum.

Is not metabolized in the body.

Penetrate the BBB and placental barrier.

Breeding

T 1/2 of the plasma is 4.5 hours, from cerebrospinal fluid - 8.5 h T 1/2 is not dependent on the route of administration.

80–100% piracetam excreted by the kidneys unchanged by renal filtration. The total clearance of piracetam in healthy volunteers is 80–90 ml/min.

Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations

T 1/2 is prolonged in renal failure, with end-stage renal failure - up to 59 hrs.

Pharmacokinetics of piracetam is not changed in patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Penetrates through the filter membrane devices for hemodialysis.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Dosage

The drug is administered by mouth, during meals or on an empty stomach, drinking liquid.

Symptomatic treatment of psycho-organic syndrome: 2.4–4.8 g/day in 2–3 divided doses.

Treatment of vertigo and associated imbalance: 2.4–4.8 g/day in 2–3 divided doses.

Treatment of cortical myoclonus begin with a dose of 7.2 g/day, every 3–4 days, increase the dose to 4.8 g/day to a maximum dose of 24 g/day in 2–3 divided doses. Treatment continued throughout the period of the disease. Every 6 months, to attempt to reduce the dose or discontinuation of the drug, gradually reducing the dose to 1.2 g/day every 2 days.

Prevention of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis: the daily dose is 160 mg/kg body weight, divided into 4 equal doses.

Treatment of dyslexia in children (in the complex therapy): The recommended daily dose for children 8 years and adolescents - 3.2 g, divided into 2 doses.

For patients with impaired renal function the dose should be adjusted depending on the magnitude of spacecraft.

RC can be calculated from the serum creatinine concentration by the following formula:

Men CC (ml/min) = [140 - age (years)] x weight (kg)/72 x serum creatinine (mg/dl);

QC for women is calculated by multiplying the resulting value by a factor of 0.85.

Patients with kidney failure require correction of the dose according to the following scheme.

Renal failure QC (ml/min) The dose and frequency of administration

Rate > 80 The usual dose

Mild 50 - 79 2/3 of the usual dose of 2 - 3 admission

The average degree 30 - 49 1/3 the normal dose in 2 hours

Severe <30 1/6 normal dose once

Final stage <20 Contraindicated

In elderly patients the dose is adjusted in the presence of renal failure, prolonged therapy is necessary to monitor renal function.

Patients with impaired hepatic function dose adjustment is required.

Patients with impaired renal function and liver, and the drug is prescribed as well as the patients only with impaired renal function.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Overdose

Symptoms: registered a single case dyspepsia development of diarrhea with blood and abdominal pain while taking the drug orally at a daily dose of ’75 Apparently, this was due to the use of a large total dose of sorbitol, formerly a member of the dosage form, the solution for ingestion.

Treatment: Immediately after a large overdose ingestion can cause stomach wash or artificial vomiting. No specific antidote. Effectiveness of hemodialysis is 50–60%.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Drug Interactions

The ability to change under the influence of piracetam pharmacokinetics of other drugs is low because 90% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.

While the use of thyroid hormones marked reported confusion, irritability, and sleep disturbance.

According to a study of patients with recurrent venous thrombosis in a dose of piracetam 9.6 g/day increases the efficiency of indirect anticoagulants (noted a greater reduction of platelet aggregation, the concentration of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, the viscosity of blood and plasma as compared to using only indirect anticoagulants).

Piracetam does not inhibit cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. Metabolic interaction with other drugs is unlikely.

Reception piracetam in a dose of 20 g/day for 4 weeks did not alter the C max and AUC in serum antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproate).

Co-administration with alcohol did not affect the concentration of piracetam in serum; ethanol concentration in serum did not change when receiving 1.6 g piracetam.

Nootropil (Piracetam) at Pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and well-controlled studies safety of Nootropilum during pregnancy was conducted. Controlled studies of the drug during pregnancy has not been conducted.

Piracetam crosses the placental barrier. The concentration of drug in the newborn reaches 70–90% of the concentration in the maternal blood. Nootropilum should not be administered during pregnancy.

Piracetam is excreted in breast milk. In appointing the drug during lactation should refrain from breastfeeding.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Side effects

The nervous system: motor disinhibition (1.72%), irritability (1.13%), somnolence (0.96%), depression (0.83%), asthenia (0.23%) and in rare cases - dizziness, headache, ataxia, impaired balance, exacerbation of epilepsy, insomnia, confusion, agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, increased sexuality. In post-marketing practices following side effects were observed, the frequency has not been established (due to insufficient data): headache, insomnia, agitation, impaired balance, ataxia, exacerbation of epilepsy, anxiety, hallucinations, confusion.

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain (including stomachalgia).

From a metabolism: weight gain (1.29%).

Part of the organ of hearing and balance: vertigo.

For the skin: dermatitis, pruritus, urticaria.

Allergic reactions: angioedema, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reactions.

Other: rarely - pain at the injection site, thrombophlebitis, pyrexia, hypotension (in/in the introduction).

In most cases it is possible to achieve regression of these symptoms by reducing the dose.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Indications

Adults

Symptomatic treatment of psycho-organic syndrome, particularly in elderly patients, accompanied by memory loss, dizziness, decreased concentration and decreased activity, mood changes, conduct disorder, impaired gait (these symptoms may be early signs of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia, Alzheimer’s type);

Treatment of vertigo and associated disequilibrium, except vasomotor and psychogenic dizziness;

Treatment of cortical myoclonus (as monotherapy or in combination therapy);

Prevention of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis.

Children

Treatment of dyslexia (in the complex therapy);

Prevention of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Contraindications

Psychomotor agitation at the time of administration of the drug;

Huntington’s chorea;

Acute ischemic stroke (hemorrhagic stroke);

The final stage of chronic renal failure (with creatinine clearance <20 ml/min);

Children up to age 1 year (for oral solution);

Children up to age 3 years (for tablets);

Hypersensitivity to the drug;

Hypersensitivity to the pyrrolidinone derivatives.

With careful use in patients with disorders of hemostasis, extensive surgery, severe bleeding, chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 20–80 ml / min).

Nootropil (Piracetam) Cautions

Due to the influence of piracetam on platelet aggregation with caution should be prescribed to patients with impaired hemostasis during major surgery or in patients with symptoms of severe bleeding.

In the treatment of cortical myoclonus should avoid abrupt cessation of treatment, as this may cause the resumption of seizures.

In the treatment of sickle cell dose of less than 160 mg/kg or irregular taking the drug may aggravate the disease.

Long-term therapy in elderly patients is recommended regular monitoring of renal function, if necessary, shall adjust the dose depending on the results of research spacecraft.

When treating patients on Hyponatric diet is recommended to consider that the solution to piracetam oral dose of 24 g contains 80.5 mg sodium.

Piracetam penetrates through the filter membrane devices for hemodialysis.

Effects on ability to drive vehicles and management mechanisms

The treatment should be careful when driving and occupation of other potentially hazardous activities that require high concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Nootropil (Piracetam) Reviews

Nataly, 45 years,Nootropil Piracetam - an excellent tool to improve brain function

Not really like the reviews on drugs, I believe that to solve a specialist should take the drug. But...
I thundered at the hospital. Like many women in our country until recently worked until quite bad gone.
Our ward was treating doctor-intern. Nothing bad to say I can not, but it turns out this time (I was educated grandmother several times lying in the hospital and very well experienced) need to ask the doctor to prescribe medications and complain, complain. Otherwise all the treatment will be at a minimum.
Something in my memory was bad, assign me something, from the hands of all falls, and the like.
A drug nootropil or piracetam excellent: improves brain activity, improves memory, concentration.
If you have the opportunity to talk to your doctor and may ask you to assign this excellent drug.

Eve, 19 years, Nootropil Piracetam - It is easy to prepare for exams
Advantages:
It helps to memorize large amounts of information

Effect of the drug is that it affects the memory of a man helping to restore it. As a student, before the session I need to memorize vast amounts of information, but by the end of the semester the brain and so loaded, so the material is very hard to remember. I go to the doctor to explain the situation and was advised to buy Nootropil Piracetam. Naturally, I followed the advice and began the same day reception. Though the drug and did not immediately effective, but the results are very good - I had only heard or read something a couple of times and information tightly fit into my head. But the drugs there and disadvantages - some have individual intolerance of drugs of this type, so before beginning a course of treatment, I suggest you consult with your doctor, make sure that your body is safely respond to the medicine, and then start taking the drug .

Painkiller Meds Pentalgin for Neuralgia

Neuralgia

Neuralgia - a condition characterized by lesions of the peripheral nerves, causing attacks of sharp penetrating pain ("cross") in the area of innervation of the nerve. Unfortunately, such a pain can occur anywhere in the body. Usually, "backache" not only bring discomfort, but just do not give even move and perform the simplest actions. Therefore, it is important to time to find a safe analgesic in neuralgia. Do not forget take Semax for better results.

Types and symptoms of neuralgia

The most common are the following types of neuralgia, have a variety of symptoms:

Trigeminal neuralgia. This nerve damage, in charge of the sensitivity of the face and mouth, as well as the mobility of the masticatory muscles. Therefore, in his defeat may feel symptoms such as sudden intense pain in the face: in the area of the ears, eyes, lips, nose, scalp, forehead, cheeks, in the teeth and / or jaws (usually on one side), lasting from a few seconds to 2 minutes, the itching sensation, "pins and needles", numbness of the skin may also occur spasm of the facial muscles on the affected side.

Neuralgia occipital nerve. This defeat large and small nerve emanating from the cervical spinal cord and providing sensitive back of the neck and nape of the neck. Neuralgia is manifested "sweep," a pain in the field, emerging suddenly for no apparent reason and after a sharp turn of the head, and lasting up to several hours.

Intercostal neuralgia. It is characterized by damage to the intercostal nerves emerging from the spinal cord. Most often it occurs when the thoracic spine osteochondrosis. The main symptom is pain in the ribs, aggravated by deep breathing, coughing, sneezing.

Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve (sciatica). This defeat of a large nerve formed by all the roots of the sacral plexus, and is responsible for the sensitivity and mobility of the lower limbs. The emergence of a sharp "shooting" pain, of referred to the back of the thigh and lower leg, often requires the use of pain medication that can alleviate the condition.

Causes of neuralgia

The primary cause of pain is neuralgic nerve entrapment in a narrow channel through which it passes. To this can cause a variety of factors:

injuries and diseases of the spine (herniated discs, low back pain, etc.);
infectious and inflammatory diseases (influenza, tuberculosis, etc.);
excessive exercise;
supercooling a body part;
allergic reactions;
diabetes;
alcohol abuse and others.

Pentalgin for neuralgia
The treatment of neuralgia in the first place depends on the cause of this condition. Therefore, timely diagnosis and selection of therapy should consult a doctor. However, in order to quickly provide first aid to yourself, you can use an anesthetic neuralgia Pentalgin. It is a modern analgesic that has complex effects, influencing several mechanisms of pain.

As part of the preparation contains 5 active ingredients (paracetamol Drotaverinum, naproxen, pheniramine and caffeine), which work together and complement each other for more effective pain relief.

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and reduces inflammation, swelling and pain in the focus of injury or inflammation. Due to prolonged excretion of naproxen has a prolonged analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.
Paracetamol is a central analgesic, ie, affects the perception of pain in the brain and is involved in the functioning of the so-called antinociceptive system of our body -.. A special system, whose work is aimed at the suppression of pain. An important feature is the rapid development of paracetamol analgesic effect - as a rule, within half an hour after taking the drug.
Drotaverinum widely used in clinical practice, due to the pronounced antispasmodic action - shooting spasms in smooth muscles, and it helps to eliminate the pain caused by spasm.
Turning pheniramine and caffeine in the combined preparation due to their ability to enhance the analgesic effect of analgesics, which allows to reduce the dose of the individual components and thus reduce the risk of a number of side effects.

Thanks to the carefully thought-out structure, which ensures the impact of the drug to several mechanisms of pain, Pentalgin can help in neuralgia of different origin. Furthermore, the tablets have antipyretic action, so this tool could have a double helping of inflammatory diseases accompanied by neuralgic pain and pyrexia (fever).

Cerebrum compositum ampoules - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects, Reviews

ATC - V03AX Other drugs

Pharmacological group - Homeopathic remedies.

Cerebrum compositum - a complex homeopathic remedy relating to biological regulators of metabolic processes in the central nervous system. The structure Cerebrum compositum preparation consists of components of animal and vegetable origin, as well as minerals. The mechanism of action of this drug is diverse and covers a variety of processes in the brain. When using Cerebrum compositum change in the electrical processes in the brain occur somewhat earlier than the improvement of clinical symptoms. There is an increase in indices of interhemispheric coherence. Most actively this drug affects the function of subcortical structures of diencephalic area, intrahemispheric connection. As a result of improved processes of cortical-subcortical interactions. When using the drug reduces irritation of the cortex decreases the severity of paroxysmal activity, as well as the normal cortical rhythms. Cerebrum compositum also affects the catecholamine metabolism by stimulating the processes of catabolism, thereby providing psychoactivating action. This drug also has a weak holinolitichesky effect, with prolonged use – timoleptic and anti-Parkinsonian effects. When using Cerebrum compositum increased immune response, increased desensitization immune cells. During use of the drug varies pulse content, as well as the intensity of venous outflow, normal condition of the vascular wall, increases its elasticity. Cerebrum compositum has a slight antispasmodic and vasodilating action. The drug stimulates the metabolism, improves the excretion of toxins from the body. Due to the high activity and the diversity of the clinical effects of feedback on Cerebrum compositum positive.

Nosological classification (ICD–10)

D84.9 Unspecified Immunodeficiency;

F90.0 disturbance of activity and attention;

G93.4 Encephalopathy, unspecified;

R41.3.0 * Reduced memory.

Cerebrum compositum Composition, structure and packing

2.2 ml (2.2 g) - ampoules.

Homeopatic solution for injection 1 amp. (2,2 ml)

active substances:

Cerebrum suis D8 22 mkl

Embryo totalis suis D10 22 mkl

Hepar suis D10 22 mkl

Placenta totalis suis D10 22 mkl

Kalium phosphoricum D6 22 mkl

Selenium D10 22 mkl

Thuja occidentalis (Thuja) D6 22 mkl

Strychnos ignatii (Ignatia) D8 22 mkl

Bothrops lanceolatus D10 22 mkl

Acidum phosphoricum D10 22 mkl

Chinchona pubescens (China) D4 22 mkl

Sulfur D10 22 mkl

Kalium bichromicum D8 22 mkl

Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemium) D4 22 mkl

Ruta graveolens (Ruta) D4 22 mkl

Arnica montana (Arnica) D28 22 mkl

Aesculus hippocastanum (Aesculus) D4 22 mkl

Manganum phosphoricum D8 22 mkl

Magnesium phosphoricum D10 22 mkl

Semecarpus anacardium (Anacardium) D6 22 mkl

Conium maculatum (Conium) D4 22 mkl

Medorrhinum-Nosode D13 22 mkl

Hyoscyamus niger (Hyoscyamus) D6 22 mkl

Aconitum napellus (Aconitum) D6 22 mkl

Anamirta cocculus (Cocculus) D4 22 mkl

Ambra grisea (Ambra) D10 22 mkl

Excipients: sodium chloride (for establishing isotony) - about 9 mg/ml, Water w/and - up to 2.2 ml.

Cerebrum compositum Pharmacological action

Multicomponent homeopathic medicine action is due to the components in its composition.

For the temporary relief of mental fatigue - poor memory and forgetfulness - lack of concentration - nervousness and anxiety. You can buy - cerebrum compositum injection.

Cerebrum compositum Dosage

Assign IM, subcutaneously 1 ampoule 1–3 times a week. The course of treatment - 4–6 weeks. Repeated courses of treatment are possible after consultation with the attending physician.

Cerebrum compositum Overdose

Overdose cases to date have not been registered.

Cerebrum compositum Drug Interactions

Use of homeopathic drugs do not exclude the treatment of other drugs.

Cerebrum compositum at Pregnancy and lactation

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is possible if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus and child. Consult your doctor.

Cerebrum compositum Side effects

Allergic reactions, including allergic skin reactions. For a known sensitivity to individual plants of the Asteraceae may arise hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis).

A temporary appearance of redness, swelling and pain at the injection site.

In very rare cases, after receiving preparations containing quinine, there may be allergic skin reactions or febrile illness (hypersensitivity reaction).

When side effects should stop taking the drug and consult a doctor.

Cerebrum compositum Indications

Various origins encephalopathy (a disorder of memory, attention);

Stimulation of regenerative processes and nonspecific immunity.

Cerebrum compositum Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to quinine;

Children up to age 18 years (due to insufficient clinical data);

Increased individual sensitivity to the drug.

Cerebrum compositum Cautions

When receiving homeopathic medicines may temporarily worsen existing symptoms (primary degradation). In this case, discontinue use and consult a doctor.

Effects on ability to drive vehicles and management mechanisms

The drug does not affect the performance of potentially hazardous activities that require special attention and fast reactions (driving and other vehicles, work with moving machinery, work manager and operator, etc.).

Cerebrum compositum Reviews

Elena, I took Cerebrum Compositum into the recovery period after a stroke-perfect drug. Without him I would not have been up-that's for sure. I recommend to all in similar situations. Thanks to inventors of the drug, and God give you health.

Mildronate for Athletes. How to improve the tolerability of mental and physical exertion

"How to improve mental performance?", "How to increase productivity?", "How to better cope with the physical work?" - These issues concern many people. Today we'll show you how to help effectively deal with mental and physical exertion.

Adhere to the "information diet"

Surely you have profiles on popular social networking sites that you browse on a daily basis. Along the way, you are distracted by friends repost, News Public, advertising, word on the information that is not important to you. All this clog your brain and leads to information overload. Learn to filter the information - unsubscribe from useless to you community; do not read the news of friends who do repost 20+ a day and think - whether you need all the social accounts. networks? Maybe we should limit ourselves to two, maximum three profiles?

Avoid multitasking

Popular wisdom says: "For two hares chase - you will not catch." This is true for work, study and training. Do not take for everything at once - make a plan of tasks and sport activities. Do one thing, but it's good, than a lot, but somehow. Thus, you not only increase your productivity, but also avoid excessive mental and physical stress, as you plan the intensity and duration of work.

Know your limits

Since physical training is simple: consult with a trainer, use wrist heart rate monitors, gradually increase the load - you know the threshold of his physical endurance, and exercising regularly, you can increase it. You can buy Meldonium.

On the issue of mental capacity you have to count only on themselves. Nobody knows you better than yourself. Think, when it's easier to do the job - in the morning, afternoon or evening? What time of day do you feel tired? What tasks such as creative or routine gives you easier in the morning, and which in the second? By answering these questions, you will be able to rationally allocate their own resources, and thus - cope with mental stress.

Take vitamins or medicines

For example, due to vitamin C you will stay awake and full of energy. A drug "Mildronate® 250mg capsule" will help you to recover and cope with the mental and physical overload. Choose the right tools for the prevention and can be on their own, but more reliable - to consult with a specialist.

Alternate physical activity with mental

Reading books, you can take a break from jogging. And vice versa - exercise will help to better assimilate the information, give the head rest.

It is also possible to combine moderate physical and mental activity, for example, come up with new dance moves. This is a creative activity, which will charge you with cheerfulness and good humor.

Arrange a "reset"

What do you do when your computer crashes? Correctly, reload it. If you feel overworked and can no longer concentrate on the affairs - and arrange a "reset". Take a day off work and spend the day as you like - walking, reading, sleep enough.

By following the above tips, you can help your body to effectively deal with mental and physical overload.

10 questions about Jintropin

1) What should I start using growth hormone?

If you decide to start using this hormone, then first of all you will need to contact an endocrinologist who will prescribe the appropriate examination for you. Independently to make a decision on the use of growth hormone, if you do not have the proper level of competence in the matter is not recommended. For most people who pursue the goals of rejuvenation, improve the body and better recovery after a variety of injuries, dosages of about 3 units. Per day will be optimal. Bodybuilders and other athletes of heavy weight categories can take and about 8 units. The dose will depend directly on the results of the survey and the goals you want to achieve with growth hormone.

2) How to choose the optimal dosages of growth hormone?
• For professional athletes, the optimal number is 8-12 units. per day. Stimulates a set of muscle mass and fat burning.

• For amateur athletes will be enough 4-8 units. per day. When included in the course, Jintropin rhGH will not only improve the composition of the body, but also treat injuries and strengthen joints.

• If you decide to use growth hormone for rejuvenation, then it will be enough and 1-4 units. per day. Children with a lack of growth is given a similar dosage.

It is also recommended to divide the daily dosage into two or more injections, this will provide the best effect of the drug.

3) In what muscle groups is better to put growth hormone?
Most often, bodybuilders put the hormone in the crease on the stomach to burn locally fat in this place. There are also athletes who prefer to put it intramuscularly, for example, in deltas and triceps, arguing that this accelerates its action. In fact, there is no significant difference, everyone simply chooses the most convenient option for him. You can try Semax.

4) How to properly prepare growth hormone for injection?
• Take the injection solution bottle and disinfect the bottle cap with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol;
• Use a long needle to prepare the drug (never use the needle twice).
• Pull the contents of the vial with a needle and an insulin syringe.
• Take a bottle of growth hormone powder and pierce it with a needle. Vacuum will pull the contents of the syringe inside the vial.
• Carefully insert the solution on the wall of the vial without allowing rapid mixing of the powder and liquid.
• Insert a small amount of air into the vial to get the resulting solution back into the injection syringe.
• Remove air from the syringe (including air bubbles);
• Replace the long needle with the injection needle.

5) Can I put growth hormone before bed?
If you are in the phase of mass gain, then it is better not to. If in the drying phase, then it is possible. The thing is that at night there is a maximum natural release of growth hormone. And as it is worth considering that growth hormone works well at low blood sugar levels. If you are on a low-carb diet, then your blood sugar level will also be low, respectively. What is very beneficial for the work of growth hormone (you'll be even drier and harder), if you eat a lot of carbohydrates on the mass, the effect of the hormone will be significantly reduced.

6) What can you say about the quality of Gentropine?
The technology of cleaning Jintropin is completely unique and qualitatively different from how the cheaper growth hormones presented on the market are being purified. The degree of purification of Gentropine is 100%. Only that one dry figure will tell the average consumer? It's more interesting to know what's behind it. Jintropin rhGH is so pure that it is perceived by our body as its own growth hormone. To him antibodies are not produced, and accordingly there is no addiction and the feedback from the course will always remain stably high. It should be added that the above antibodies also interfere with the normal secretion of endogenous growth hormone. That is, low-quality drugs, significantly inhibit the production of the body's own growth hormone. In addition, it is antibodies - the "source" of a variety of side effects.

7) For how much before a meal to put growth hormone?
An important question about which few people think. The fact is that food is a rise in the level of increase in blood sugar and the release of insulin. This reduces the "comfort" for the most effective work of growth hormone. Therefore, the recommendation is as follows: put the growth hormone 30-60 minutes before meals ideally and at least wait 120 minutes after eating to get the maximum effect.

8) How do I feel that growth hormone works?
Recombinant growth hormone in the first days of reception is not felt at all. It's about the highest, unique degree of purification of Jintropin. Thanks to which our body reacts to it, as to its own growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Also, this degree of purification ensures that the body does not develop antibodies to the drug, which completely eliminates the addictive effect. A few days later, you will most likely experience a "tunnel" or rehimost of joints. Those. Your fingers and knuckles are felt like strangers. In fact, most of those who use growth hormone in dosages of up to 10 units. The day it does not feel. The main effects you will see in the mirror and feel during work with the training weights in the hall. They will increase significantly, and old injuries will stop worrying. The very same form will begin to improve significantly due to fat loss and increased muscle fullness, this will be noticeable in the mirror. All this suggests that growth hormone works.

9) How to store divorced growth hormone?
Despite the fact that the structural chain of recombinant Gintropin is extremely resistant to high temperatures, and the Jintropin rhGH itself can be stored in the diluted state for up to two weeks. We recommend storing growth hormone in the refrigerator and diluted on the day of use. If you used only part of the solution, then the rest should also be put in the refrigerator until the next injection.

10) Is it necessary to use insulin on a course of growth hormone?
When using relatively low dosages and a short course of growth hormone, you can do without insulin, but the level of sugar is still worth following. For this, we recommend that you purchase a glycemeter in the pharmacy and monitor the sugar indicators during the course of the growth hormone once a week. Note that you need to measure the sugar level in the morning, on an empty stomach. If the blood sugar level is below 5.5-6 mmol per liter, then insulin can not be connected.

Painkiller Pentalgin for Headache

Headache

From headaches (cephalgia) affects millions of people worldwide. It can occur occasionally or regularly be very mild or almost unbearable. Quite often, it is bothers healthy people and usually disappears fairly quickly, so do not have to resort to receive drugs from a headache. Often, however, the pain can be quite severe and recurrent, reduce quality of life, interfere with work and rest.
When the head is literally "split", it requires not only a strong painkiller for a headache, but a full examination by a doctor and then pick up treatment.

Causes of headache
The headache may be a sign of more than 45 different diseases. Listed below are the most frequent causes of it.

Fatigue and overexertion. The so-called tension headache may be caused by increased tone of the frontal, temporal, occipital and other muscles in the head and neck, occurring in response to emotional stress or prolonged overvoltage muscles of the neck and shoulder area at an awkward position (for example, during prolonged work at a computer ). The pain is usually bilateral, compressing and squeezing, lasts at least 30 minutes (sometimes up to 7 days).

Migraine. It is a neurological disorder that is manifested painful and require treatment of headaches, which usually occur on one side and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, light and noise-phobia.

Vascular pathology. The main "risk group" - people suffering from vascular dystonia, in which the pain is often caused by a spasm of cerebral vessels. Pain may occur at differences in atmospheric pressure, increased or decreased blood pressure, and in some cases for no apparent reason, and can be diverse - by compressing and oppressive to the pulsating and burning pain. In the medicine cabinet of these patients almost always have a tablet from a severe headache. In people with hypertension, headache may be a symptom of high blood pressure. You can also like Phenotropil.

Infectious diseases. Often, when colds and flu, we need a cure for headaches. It can occur as a reaction to the rise in temperature, and as a result of the body's toxic substances secreted by bacteria and viruses.
Exposure to toxins. Intoxication can be caused by other factors - drugs, alcohol, household chemicals, paints and other substances Surely many know the feeling of dull pain in the head after inhalation of vapors of varnish and paint.

Action medicines for headaches Pentalgin

We present you a modern remedy for headache Pentalgin. The preparation consists of 5 active ingredients: paracetamol, naproxen, pheniramine, Drotaverinum and caffeine, which complement each other's action and affect different causes and mechanisms of pain.

Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and therefore reduces inflammation, swelling and pain in the focus of injury or inflammation. Due to prolonged excretion of naproxen has a lasting effect.

Paracetamol is a central analgesic, ie, affects the perception of pain in the brain and is involved in the functioning of the so-called antinociceptive system of our body, whose work is aimed at the suppression of pain. An important feature is the rapid development of paracetamol analgesic effect: as a rule, within an hour after ingestion.

Drotaverinum relieves spasm in vascular smooth muscle, so it is able to cope with the pain caused by spasm of cerebral vessels.

Turning pheniramine and caffeine in the combined preparation due to their ability to enhance the analgesic effect of analgesics, reducing the dosage of individual components and thereby reduce the risk of dose-dependent side effects.

With this composition, pain pills against headache Pentalgin can help with painful sensations of different origin.