Naposim

Naposim is a trade name of "methane" (danabol). Detailed article: Metandrostenolon. The operating chemical: metandienon. Packaging: 20 tablets (5 or 10 mg / tablets). Producer: Terapia. From recent time this trademark is used by Vermodje concern, positioning medicine as veterinary means. However in recent time it became known that no plant of pharmacology of a vermondzha exists. On one of certificates the address is specified: village of Gidigich, Shtefan chel Mare St. 39 A. Perhaps then the plant is in this village and really such address exists, but to this address there is a hotel, but not the plant of pharmacology, and it means that products are turned out podpolno and its quality leaves much to be desired.

Main shortcomings:

- Discrepancy with structure specified on content of packets, etc.

- Under compensation of active agent, connected with production of low-quality counterfeits

- Use of the low-quality raw materials containing chemical impurity, solvents, salts of heavy metals.

Let's note that content and quality, can do serious harm to health of athletes.

It is 2 blisters on 10 tablets in the Original packaging of Romanian "methane" of Naposim. As this packing isn't convenient for transportation, often packed with 10 blisters in an original packaging (100 tablets).

Naposim is the most popular anabolic steroid in tablets which makes the stimulating impact on proteinaceous exchange. Often bodybuilders use veterinary medicine. Under the influence of Naposim synthesis of proteins amplifies and by that production of muscle protein an organism accelerates. This effect is expressed in positive balance of nitrogen in an organism and increase in sports working capacity. On balance of calcium there is also a positive influence: Naposim promotes intake of calcium in a bone tissue. Better take Epifamin.

Naposim possesses powerful anabolic and androgenic action which is shown in a considerable surplus of force and weight. Naposim is applied only for the purpose of sets of muscle bulk, at the same time the result is achieved for a short time. The increase of one two kilograms a week within the first six weeks is an everyday occurrence in case of Naposim's use. Additional body weight consists of a true surplus of fabric (a hypertrophy of muscle fibers) and first of all of a noticeable delay of liquid in an organism. Excessive accumulation of water and aromatization it is easy to avoid in most cases a simultaneous combination acceptance of Tamoxifen and Proviron so some athletes nevertheless can use Naposim in 7 - 10 days before competitions.

Course

Dosages widely vary, especially at athletes of bodybuilding, weightlifters and athletes of power lifting. Often use from 2 tablets a day to 20 and more tablets of daily acceptance. A daily dose acknowledged optimum about 10 - 40 mg a day. The dosage always shall correspond to specific features of the athlete. Beginners shouldn't accept more than 15 - 20 mg a day as with this dose in 8 - 10 weeks they will be able already to achieve excellent results. If effect of medicine on this group of athletes after about eight weeks decreases, and the athlete nevertheless would like to continue a rate, it shouldn't raise a medicine dosage, it is necessary to accept only in addition to it some injection steroid, for example nandrolon on 200 mg a week or Primobolan on 200 mg a week or to pass to one of the above-named medicines solo.

Nandrobol 250

Nandrobol (Nandrobol 250) is composite medicine which 4 different air of nandrolon contain in concentration of 250 mg/ml dissolved in oil. Lyka Labs producer. Differs from a classical Sound board in quick start of action and shorter period of removal. In case of creation of a rate it is recommended to combine with testosterone medicines. For prevention the sound board - is wild is applied against the background of Dostineks. Do not forget take Oftalamin for better results.

Structure of 1 ml:

• Nandrolon propionate of 50 mg
• Nandrolon fenilpropionat 50 mg
• Nandrolon tsipionat 50 mg
• Nandrolon decanoat 100 mg

Anabolic profile

• Activity: 7-10 days
• Dosages: Men of 250-500 mg/week.
• Acne: Yes, in case of high dosages or individual sensitivity
• Water delay: High, but below, than from testosterone
• Hepatoxicity: No
• Aromatization: Low, it is converted into a low-active nortestosteron
• DHT converting: No, it is converted into NOR-DGT with low activity
• HPTA function suppression: Very high
• Other: High anabolic/moderate androgenic activity

Description

Nandrolon 250 is acomponent medicine consisting of 4 air which joins one by one and operate evenly on an extent about 1 week. In one ml 250 mg of active ingredient, unlike a sound board (200 mg/mg). Air has various length of chains and therefore comes after a prick from a muscle to blood with various speed

Restoration and bridges between courses of anabolic steroids

Break between courses 4 - 6 weeks what in these cases needs to be done? There is no sense in "rest" between courses without maintenance or restoration of a normal hormonal background. If we don't want to be left for 1-2 months without testosterone in general, or to live on the remains of his long air (it if the course was with similar medicines), then we need to fill androgenic shortage. It can be done in two ways: the first is to start own production of testosterone, the second - to enter it from the outside.

To climb on PKT if at once you begin the next iteration of therapy of AAS - senselessly. Not only because of shaking of hormonal system. Very important and the fact that anti-estrogen, as well as any medicine is an additional load of an organism. And in this case she is absolutely superfluous. On the other hand, we don't let a body know what to do without support by drugs. We artificially stimulate growth of development of gonadotrophins during PKT, and time that the organism has worked without anti-estrogen is necessary after that, and has independently defined the equilibrium point. You can also like Oftalamin.

Bridge = testosterone. This is true if we speak about "bridges" between courses for the ordinary guy who still needs sex, morning erections, there is a wish that density of a bone tissue was good, and TsNS didn't upset. All "bridges" solo on Metandienon, Ocsandrolon is a destiny of very narrow category of athletes to whom are necessary any of properties of these medicines, such people it isn't enough.

What air of testosterone is necessary for "bridge". ANY. At the same time it is necessary to think of comfort. Will be quite traumatic in respect of the frequency of injections testosterone propionate every other day or testosterone suspension daily. It is more preferable to select that form of testosterone which works longer than to steam of days. Omnadren, Sustanon, testosterone ýíàíòàò and öèïèîíàò as much as possible are suitable for these purposes.

Why do "bridge" between courses of steroids? To lower loadings in a training cycle, and at the same time not to lose collected, mostly. Nothing will be recovered at anybody on "bridge". LG and FSG will be about zero. You shouldn't hope for other outcome in principle. "Bridge" is a rest for all organism, but endogenous Testosterone won't be worked out.

Whether it is necessary to make tests on "bridge"? Yes, it is necessary because aromatization happens, the level of Prolactinum fluctuates, it is necessary to see all this.

Blood biochemistry. It is desirable to check that with a liver and kidneys if it is worth resolving these issues, then when the liver doesn't receive shocks from oral steroids and the total medicamentous load is one organism lower than in the active phase of course, so the pattern will be objective.

When to do the bridge and when PKT. If rest after course is shorter than course, then most likely it is necessary to sit down on "bridge". In other cases do PKT, don't wait for independent restoration, it in periods, reasonable for the normal person, won't occur. It isn't necessary for a quarter, and even on months six-nine to turn itself into the eunuch.

Dosages. Equivalent of 200/250 mg of testosterone of tsipionata/enantat, once a week.

Myths about steroids

Androgens and anabolic steroids which for brevity "designate well to you a familiar abbreviation of "AAS" - not only the remarkable medicinal preparations and agents which are Used for achievement more good results in sport but also a source of various myths, legends, fairy tales. Having a little deviated from a subject of our heading, today we will provide 5 most popular myths. They certainly are familiar to regular readers of "The iron world". Well, and those who are a beginner in bodybuilding or those who for the first time addressed the help of our magazine, perhaps, will manage to take from this article something for themselves useful.

Read also: Side effects of steroids and how to reduce harm of steroids

There are safe AAC

Very popular delusion among admirers of "pharm help". Let's begin with the fact that safe drugs don't happen by definition, and androgens and anabolic steroids, whatever one may do, are medicinal preparations. Another matter, danger degree is how big.

So, one and all oral anabolic steroids are potentially dangerous to a liver. But - exactly in the same degree, as, for example, antibiotics or Paracetamolum, and in far smaller, than vodka. With cardiovascular system it is slightly more difficult: really, use of steroids leads to steady rising of level of a "bad" cholesterol (which, however, comes back to limits of norm on the termination of "course"), but also the level of a "good" cholesterol so the relation "good / bad" changes slightly at the same time rises. About the sexual sphere it will be told below. By the way, if we started talking about safe AAS, then one of the "softest" drugs is... Testosteron. Probably, it is even excessive - it is possible to call "soft" methenobosoms (primobolan). And here carried out of ignorance to safe drugs stanosolol and ocsandrolon those aren't: the first rather strongly "loads" a liver, the second is irritates mucous a stomach. You can try Hepatamin.

All AAS are poisonous

Complete antithesis of the previous myth. Only it is widespread just the opposite - among those who for one reason or another avoid reception of AAS. I won't stir "affairs of bygone days", I will refer to data of one of the freshest researches which is carried out in China. There 733 volunteers throughout 30 (!) months in a row accepted 500 mg of Testosteron undekanoat a month in the form of injections. And at one it wasn't recorded ANY aberrations. "So same absolutely scanty doses of steroids!" - you will tell and you will be absolutely right. But most of athletes what it is strange seemed, are limited to them. Bodybuilders and other "security officers" - special article. But also among them the total pestilence as a result of use of AAS isn't revealed. Business all that for AAS for today neither the lethal dose, nor even toxic doses are authentically established. Surprisingly, but in one of voluntary experiments experimental successfully transferred injections of 100 grams (!) of various androgens and anabolic steroids within one days. So the risk of death from alcohol or from tobacco in hundreds, and even in thousands of times exceeds risk of death from "anabolic steroids".

Sterility and impotency

I would like to take out this point separately in a type of its mad popularity. "All "musclemen" are impotent men!" If knew saying this phrase as far as it is far from the truth! During "course" of AAS of a libido of the bodybuilder it is usually so raised that for it 3-4 sexual intercourses a day often are normal, and even it is more. Falling of a libido can be observed at wrong - I emphasize: WRONG - an exit from AAS "course", but it will surely be restored. Yes, out of "course" it will be for certain impossible to reach the same heights, as during reception of AAS, but the libido will be quite usual for the average man.

As for a fecundity (ability to a fertilization), it is necessary to recognize that the science knows several cases of offensive of sterility as a result of reception of AAS. But, in comparison with number of admirers of "anabolic steroids", this quantity isn't so high. At competent treatment, and, above all - at the correct use of androgens and anabolic steroids of sterility it is quite possible to avoid. Yes, one more interesting moment: many of my familiar bodybuilders conceived the children just on "course". By the way, all these children absolutely normal - this phrase is addressed to those who consider that AAS can cause genetic mutations in descendants of those who accept them.

The same can be reached and without AAS

Impressive achievements in addition, speed, power indicators, really, can be reached also without application of AAS. But for this purpose it is necessary to be genetic "monster", a mutant in the most literal sense of this word. Significantly Usain Bolt's indicators - the world record-holder in run on 100 and 200 meters differ from indicators of the normal person. Obyem of Miguel Indurayn's lungs, the 5th time in a row of "Tour de France" who won a cycle race, constituted about 8 liters (in case of an average value even for the elite bicycle racer of 6 l), and heart allowed to repump up to 7 liters of blood a minute (bicycle racers have 5-6 l). Fleks Wheeler closer to us possessed (and still possesses) is unique the low number of receptors of a miostatin and is unique the high IFR-1 level. Never the person whom it is possible to call normal will achieve results which these athletes achieved without doping.

Androgens and anabolic steroids to some extent equalize chances, give the chance to reach bigger to people with much more modest genetic inclinations. By the way, not only they treat dope far: in different types of sport the are applied - absolutely special medicines. But and to stimulators it was never this to replace training process anywhere - not to correct a mistake in a training any dope. And in bodybuilding and mistakes in food.

Fight against dope clears sport

It is necessary to be either deeply naive person, or the person interested in fight "for purity of sport" it is material to believe in this fairy tale. Fight against dope forces not to refuse doping means, and to invent all new. Or to enhance dope concealment methods. The fact which already can be considered widely known: almost in 70% of the samples taken metabolites of the same substance, after identified as an anabolic steroid genabol were found in winners and prize-winners 0limpiady-2000 in Sydney. This medicine was never made commercially, and therefore doping tests on it and weren't carried out. Scandal was decided not to be inflated, earlier Sydney Games were announced by most "net" in the history... Now many laboratories are engaged in development of specific medicines, including, and belonging to the class AAS which means of a drug test can't be found. Remember at least notorious a child of BALCO laboratory. which became known only that it was "handed over" by one of the highest staff of laboratory. And how many still such "not handed over"? "Dope lived, dope is alive, dope will live" - to someone, perhaps, it isn't pleasant, but from such situation not to get to anywhere.

Mirabegron

Mirabegron (trademarks: Mirabegron (USA), Betanis, Betmiga (Europe), Myrbetriq (USA), the laboratory code of YM-178) - the medicine activating beta-3 adrenoceptors and applied to treatment of an involuntary urination. Mirabegron was developed by the Astellas Pharma company and approved for application in the USA in July, 2012

The research in public in 2015 showed that mirabegron metabolism in brown fatty tissue is capable to accelerate and to start lipolysis (combustion of fat) due to activation beta-3 the adren receptors located on adipocytes. Please pay attention to Hepatamin.

Medicine possesses a number of side effects among which the most frequent is rise in arterial pressure (more than in 10% of cases).

Action on cells

Insulin has the whole range of biological effects. As its main targets serve the liver, muscles and fatty tissue playing the leading role in exchange of a glucose, however insulin influences also many other tissues. It is the major hormone responsible for transport, a metabolism and storage by cells of nutrients: it stimulates anabolic processes (utilization and storage of a glucose, amino acids and fatty acids) and brakes catabolic (disintegration of a glycogen, fats and proteins). Under the influence of insulin transport of nutrients and ions in a cell is stimulated, intracellular movement of proteins accelerates, enzymes are activated or inactivated, the amount of proteins by change of rate of a transcription of their genes and broadcast of MRNK (fig. 61.3,61.4) changes.

Some effects of insulin are shown within several seconds or minutes; among them — stimulation of transport of a glucose and ions, phosphorylation and dephosphorylization of enzymes, and even inhibition of a transcription of a gene of fosfoyenolpiruvatkarbocsikinasa (Granner, 1987; O’Brien and Granner, 1996). Achievement of other effects of insulin, in particular for change of a transcription of the majority of genes and change of synthesis of protein, requires several hours. The effect of insulin on a proliferation and a differentiation of cells is shown only in several days. Not it is clear, whether these temporary differences are caused by different mechanisms of intracellular signal transmission or different kinetics of the processes regulated by insulin.

Regulation of glucose transport

The most important physiological effect of insulin is stimulation of transport of a glucose in muscles and fatty tissue. The glucose gets into cells by the facilitated diffusion which is mediated by special proteins — glucose carriers. Five such proteins (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4 and GLUT5) are known; it is considered that they carry out independent transport of a glucose in cells by the facilitated diffusion (Shepherd and Kahn, 1999). Proteins — carriers of a glucose represent glycoproteids with a molecular weight about SO Ltd company; each of them has on 12 transmembrane and - spiral domains. Stimulation by glucose transport insulin, at least partly, is caused by volatile movement of the intracellular vesicles containing proteins of GLUT4hGLUTI to a cellular membrane (Suzuki and of Kopo, 1980; Simpson and Cushman, 1986; fig. 61.3). This effect is reversible: in process of destruction of insulin of squirrel carriers of glucose come back to the intracellular storages. Believe that disturbance of this process serves one of path genetic links of an insulin replacement diabetes mellitus (Shepherd and Kahn, 1999). Please pay attention to Libidon.

Regulation of glucose metabolism

The facilitated diffusion of glucose in cells on gradient of concentration comes to the end with phosphorylation of glucose. Formation of gluco-zo-6-Natrii phosphas from glucose is catalyzed by a hexocinase which four iso enzymes, like proteins — glucose carriers, are distributed in different tissues variously. Activity of two iso enzymes of hexocinase is regulated by insulin. Gecsocinasatipa IV who is often called by glucocinase has the molecular mass of 50 Ltd companies and it is found along with protein GLUT2 in hepatocytes and β-cells. The glucocinase is coded by one gene, but in a liver and islands of a pancreas at a transcription of this gene different pro-motors and different first exons are used (Printz et al., 1993a). Glucocinase gene transcription in a liver is regulated by insulin (Magnuson et al., 1989). Hexocinase like II has molecular weight 100 000; it is present at skeletal muscles, a myocardium and fatty tissue together with protein GLUT4. Insulin regulates a transcription of both a protein GLUT4 gene, and hexocinase gene like II (Printz et al., 1993b).

Glyukozo-6-fosfat serves as the general substrate for two metabolic ways. First, it joins in glycolysis the cascade of enzymatic reactions as a result of which ATP is formed. Many of reactions of glycolysis amplify under the influence of insulin: or due to regulation of a transcription of the genes coding enzymes or due to the phosphorylation or dephosphorylization the serin and treonin of the remains leading to change of activity of enzymes. Secondly, glyukozo-6-Natrii phosphas can turn into glyukozo-1-Natrii phosphas from which the glycogen is synthesized. Insulin stimulates storage of a glycogen, activating a glicogensintetasa (the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme limits rate of glycogenesis) and inhibiting a fosforilasa (the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme limits rate of glycogenolysis). As well as in case of a glycolysis, effects of insulin are mediated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylisation of enzymes; it is the most important mechanism of effect of this hormone. For example, an atsetil-KOA-carbocsilasa and ATF-tsitratliasa are activated at phosphorylation, and glikogensintetasa and pyruvatedehydrogenase — at dephosphorylisation. Dephosphorylisation of the last two enzymes is the result of activation by insulin of phosphatases. Tens of proteins are in this way modified and change the activity (Denton, 1986).

Regulation of genes transcription

There are no doubts in that now that the most important of effects of insulin is regulation of transcription of these or those genes. Inhibition of transcription of gene of fosfoyenolpiruvatcarbocsicinasa can be an example (Granner et al., 1983). This effect of insulin sheds light on a braking mechanism to them a gluconeogenesis (Sasaki et al., 1984) also explains why at insulin resistance characteristic of an insulin diabetes mellitus, the liver synthesizes excess of a glucose (Granner and O’Brien, 1992). More than 100 genes which transcription is regulated by insulin (O’Brien and Granner, 1996) are known, and this list continues to grow. However the mechanism by means of which insulin influences a transcription for the present isn't deciphered.

Receptor of insulin

Insulin renders the effects, being bound to a membranous receptor. These receptors are available for mammals almost on all cells — as that are considered as classical targets of insulin (hepatocytes, myocytes and lipocytes), and on blood cells, a brain and gonads. The number of receptors of insulin fluctuates from 40 (at erythrocytes) to 300 Ltd companies on a cell (at hepatocytes and lipocytes).

The receptor of insulin represents the large transmembrane glycoproteid consisting of two and-subjedinits with a molecular weight of 135 Ltd companies (on 719 or 731 amino-acid rest depending on MRNK splaysing) and two β-subjedinitsa with a molecular weight of 95 Ltd companies (until 620 amino-acid remains). Subjedinitsa are bridged by disulfide communications in heterotetrameasures β-a-a-β (fig. 61.3) (Virkamaki et al., 1999). Both subjedinitsa are formed of the general one-chained precursor as a part of whom the amino-acid sequences and - and β-subjedinitsa are parted by the site consisting of four main amino-acid remains. Subjedinitsa of a receptor are equipped everyone with the function. Alpha subunits are located extracellularly and contain the insulin domain (see above) whereas β-subjedinitsa form the transmembrane domain having tirozinc activity. After linkng of insulin with receptors there is their aggregation and bystry internalization hormone - receptor complexes. As divalent antibodies to an insulin receptor, cross being bound to the next receptors, imitate effect of insulin, and monovalent antibodies have no this property, believe that aggregation of receptors is necessary for start of the cascade of intracellular reactions. After internalization hormone a receptor complex the receptor of insulin either is blasted, or comes back in a cellular membrane.

Phosphorylation tirozin of remains and mechanisms of intracellular signal transmission. The receptor of insulin has own tirozincin activity (Virkamaki et al., 1999). This property also receptors of many factors of body height, for example an epidermal factor of body height, a platelet factor of body height and M-KSF have (Yarden and Ullrich, 1988). Knowledge of the signal transmission mechanism is gained by receptors with own tirozincin activity generally when studying the proteins coded by oncogenes and causing tumoral transformation of cells, in particular Src family tyrosinekinases.

When binding insulin with and-subjedinitsami a receptor quickly there is autofosforilirovanie the tirozin of the remains of β-subjedinitsa. This autocatalytic reaction leads to appreciable intensifying of tirozincin activity of a receptor concerning other proteins. In normal cells there is also a phosphorylation the serin and treonin of the remains of a receptor of insulin, generally under the influence of protein kinases With and And. This last reaction leads to suppression of tirozincin activity of a receptor (Cheatham and Kahn, 1995).

Tirozincin activity of a receptor is necessary for implication of effect of insulin. Mutations which change the ATP-binding center or lead to replacement the tirozin of the remains which are exposed to an auto fosforil on others, lead to depression of own tirozinkinazny activity of a receptor of insulin and weakening of effects of hormone (Ellis et al., 1986). The insulin receptor not capable to an auto fosforil, is completely deprived of activity.

The activated receptor of insulin starts the cascade of intracellular reactions, phosphorylation of four proteins called by insulin receptor substrates — IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3 and IRS-4 is first of which (White et al., 1985). After phosphorylation protein IRS-2 gains ability to interact with other proteins which contain BSh-dome-ny (Src called so owing to a homology with a tyrosinekinase). One of them — a fosfatidilinozitol-3-kinase, heterodimeasures, consisting of a catalytic subjedinitsa with a molecular weight of 110 000 (pi 10) and a regulatory subjedinitsa with a molecular weight of 85 000 (r85). Subjedinitsa r85 contains two BSh-domains which are bound to protein IRS-1. The Fosfatidilinozi-tol-3-kinaza catalyzes phosphorylation of fosfoinoziti-d in situation 3 inozitol, and reaction products participate in intracellular signal transmission (fosfoinozitidny system). The Fosfatidilinozitol-Z-kinaza is activated by many hormones and factors which stimulate a proliferation of cells; among them — platelet and epidermal factors of body height and the OOZE-4 (Virkamaki et al., 1999). Effect of this enzyme on a proliferation, apparently, is mediated by activation of a protein kinase In and, perhaps, other kinases.

One of the most potent mitogens the proteins of Ras coded by the oncogenes of the same name; they activate the cascade a mitogen the activated protein cinases. Thought of participation of proteins of Ras in effects of insulin when it became known that insulin among other enzymes activates also this cascade (Avruch et al., 1994). Recently also the mechanism of this participation, however, not up to the end became clear. Activation of receptors with own tirozinkinazny activity, including an insulin receptor, leads to interaction of one more protein containing the SH2 domain — adaptor protein of Grb2 — with fosforilirovanny protein IRS-1. Adagggerny protein of Grb2 is bound to an exchange factor the guaninovykh of nucleotides SOS, and this complex enlarges affinity of proteins of Ras to GTF. The activated protein of Ras interacts with Raf-1 protein (a serine-treoninovoy a kinase) which, in turn, activates the cascade a mitogen - the activated protein kinases. Besides, the activated receptor of insulin fosforilirut the adagen protein of She containing the BSh-domain then that is bound to Grb2 protein. It, apparently, nucleotides of SOS with a cellular membrane, activation of proteins of Ras and Raf-1 and the cascade leads to intensifying of interaction of a factor of exchange mitogen the activated protein cinases. The mechanism by means of which insulin causes a proliferation of cells isn't finalized, but is already clear that multiple are involved in it, it is possible even superfluous, ways of intracellular signal transmission (Avruch et al., 1994).

Metabolic effect of insulin, apparently, is mediated by protein IRS-2. Intracellular movement of proteins — glucose carriers in muscles and fatty tissue, leading to intensifying of transport of a glucose in cells — the main effect of insulin. Movement of proteins carriers is blocked vorg-manniny, an inhibitor of a fosfatidilinozitol-3-kinase. Effect of insulin on a transcription of genes of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism is blocked too vortmannin therefore it isn't excluded that it is mediated by protein IRS-2 and substrates of a fosfatidilinozitol-3-cinase.

Action mechanism of effect of growth hormone

Effect of somatotropny hormone is caused by his linkng with the corresponding receptors that is confirmed by existence of severe defeat at homozygote with STG receptor gene mutation (Laron's dwarfism caused by resistance to STG). STG receptors which are available almost in all fabrics concern to family of membrane receptors of tsitokin and have structural similarity to receptors of Prolactinum, erythropoietin and some receptors of interleykin (Finidori et al., 2000). As well as the extracellular domain connecting hormone, one transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain providing intracellular signal transmission has other receptors of tsitokin, a receptor of STG. Activation of a receptor of STG happens at linkng of one molecule STG with two identical receptors (de Vos et al., 1992). The dimeasure leads formation of it to rapprochement of intracellular domains of two receptors that is probably necessary for intracellular signal transmission.

The structure of a receptor of STG was established by cloning and definition of the nucleotide sequence of KDNK of the corresponding gene (Leung et al., 1987). The receptor of STG contains 620 amino-acid remains, 260 of which form the extracellular domain, and 350 — intracellular. Formation of the STG threefold complex with receptors begins with high-affine interaction of STG with one receptor then other site of STG contacts the second receptor, but already smaller affinity. Analogs of STG at which the second site of linkng with a receptor is damaged therefore they don't lead to dimerization of receptors were synthesized. One of them, pegvisomant, has properties of the antagonist of STG and is studied as perspective remedy for akromegalia (Trainer et al., 2000). You can also like Gotratix.

Besides a full-fledged receptor of STG also the shortened its forms were described. So-called STG protein represents the extracellular domain of a receptor which is formed by proteolytic. In experiments STG protein slowed down a ground clearance of STG and increased its activity of in vitro, however the physiological role of this protein remains not clear. Membrane-bound fragments of a receptor of STG were also described. Their role isn't studied; probably, they are formed as a result of an alternative splaysing and make some share from total number of receptors. Their existence in the cultivated cages reduced activity of STG. The shortened receptors of STG were found in members of one family with hereditary low-tallness and resistance to STG (Ayling et al., 1997). The fact that these patients were geterozygot on mutant gene, speaks well for prepotent and negative character of mutation.

The receptor of STG has no own activity, but its dimeasures forms binding sites with two molecules JAK2 (cytoplasmatic tyrosinecinase of family Janus cinases). Rapprochement of two molecules JAK2 leads to their mutual phosphorylation and activation, with the subsequent phosphorylation of the remains of Thyrosinum in the cytoplasmatic proteins providing further signal transmission (fig. 56.2). STAT transcription factors, the adaptor protein of She (participating in intracellular signal transmission through protein of Ras and mitogen - the activated protein cinases), proteins 1RS-1 and 1RS-2 (the substrates of an insulinic receptor activating an alarm way with participation of a fosfatidilinozitol-3-kinase) concern to these squirrels.

Intensifying of lipolysis in lipocytes and gluc oneogenesis in heap cytes happens due to direct impact of STG on cells whereas anabolic action of STG and its influence on body height are mediated by secretion of IFR-I and IFR-II. Secretion of IFR-I more depends on STG; besides, in the post-natal period of IFR-1 is more active, than IFR-II. Therefore action of STG is mediated mainly IFR-I. Generally the liver is a source of IFR-I of a blood. IFR-I which is formed in many other tissues can have auto crine effect on a proliferation of cells. IFR-1 is bound to a series of proteins of plasma which not only participate in transport, but also can mediate its influence on cells. The important role of IFR-I in operation of STG is confirmed by the fact that at people with dysfunction of both alleles of a gene of IFR-I the expressed both fetal, and post-natal arrest of development, refractory to STG, but giving in to treatment by recombinant human IFR-I is observed (by Comacho-Hiibner et al., 1999).

IFR-I interacts with membranous receptors on a surface of cells. Receptors of IFR-I are close to receptors of insulin and represent heterotetrameasures with own tirozinkinazny activity. These receptors are present almost at all tissues and have high affinity both to IFR-I, and to IFR-II. Insulin can also activate IFR-I receptors, but at the same time at it affinity to a receptor is about 100 times less, than at IFR. The receptor of IFR-II is localized generally on intracellular membranes; it is the same receptor, as the receptor of mannozo-6-Natrii phosphas referring acidic hydrolyzing enzymes and other mannozosoderzhashchy glycoproteids from Golgi's device to lysosomes. This receptor, probably, is activated only IFR-II.

Metocsiisoflavon

Metocsiisoflavon (5-methyl-7-metoksiizoflavon) is a semi-synthetic vegetable bioflavonoid applied in sport to increase in power indicators, increase in muscle bulk and combustion of fat. Metocsiisoflavon represents a little changed formula of ipriflavon (7-isopropoxyisoflavone), however effects noticeably differ. Now metocsiisoflavon is widely applied in bodybuilding as sports additive under cover of commercial researches according to which metocsiisoflavon possesses the expressed anabolic action on a human body. Actually, metocsiisoflavon doesn't exert impact on muscle or fatty bulk and doesn't influence performance, and information on outstanding performance of additive extends producers of sports food with the obvious purpose.

History

During profound studying and search of new anabolic steroids (the 70th years), researchers aimed to receive new connections which wouldn't have the pharmacological status of anabolic steroids to apply it in sport and freely to extend. The patent on metocsiisoflavon (U.S. patent 4,163,746) was taken out in 1977 and arranged on the pharmaceutical company Chinoin which was the leader in the sphere of a research of flavonoids. The scientific companies tried to find the active anabolic agent who could force a human body to use fat as a power source, however the attempt failed and metocsiisoflavon was forgotten for some time.

In the 1980th years metocsiisoflavon found application in agricultural industry as it was revealed that it is capable to increase a surplus of dry muscle bulk at the cattle.

20 years (1997) later term on the patent ended and metocsiisoflavon producers of sports food paid attention. In the market there was a set of additives with this substance which actively are on sale so far. Nevertheless, producers of sports food were based on the data of the researches received in animal experiments which aren't always urgent for the person.

Efficiency of metocsiisoflavon

Producers of additives declare that metocsiisoflavon has the following effects:

• Increase in muscle bulk
• Performance improvement
• Anticatabolic action
• Combustion of fat
• Mental concentration
• Increase in a tone and activity

However in 2006 an end was put to marketing deception. Colin D Wilborn, Lemuel W Taylor, Bill I Campbell, Chad Kerksick, Chris J Rasmussen, Michael Greenwood, and Richard B Kreider conducted independent research on athletes in which it was revealed that "Attention" metocsiisoflavon has no of above-mentioned effects. Later other researches which confirmed inefficiency of additives with metocsiisoflavon were executed. Nevertheless active advertizing promotion and a lack of the objective information allow and now with success to sell metocsiisoflavon. Producers often give references to experiments with animals, and also on researches with ipriflavony which has nothing in common with metocsiisoflavon, except chemical similarity. Other researchers have a commercial basis and can't be regarded as truthful. You can try Gotratix.

As efficiency absence reason also serves high instability of metocsiisoflavon in a digestive tract. Practically all it collapses in a stomach, other part collapses in a liver in case of the first passing.

To all other, metocsiisoflavon renders negative effect on testosterone the converting enzyme owing to what braking of conversion of precursors in testosterone is possible. Metocsiisoflavon is close on structure to estrogen (female sex hormones) therefore he can have estrogenic activity that is absolutely undesirable for men.

Sports food

• Methoxy 500 EX from SciFit
• Meth-X from Dymatize
• Animal M-Stak from Universal Nutrition
• IsoStak from Universal Nutrition
• Maxabol II from ASN

Dosage and acceptation mode

The recommended dose of metocsiisoflavon is 400-800 mg a day, is accepted twice (200-400 mg, 2 times a day). Accept additive in the morning and in lunch time washing down with necessary amount of liquid.

Harm and side effects

Metocsiisoflavon didn't cause any side effect in researches. Responses of athletes confirm what metocsiisoflavon has no side effects and doesn't render harm for health.

Methodology of application of means of restoration in sport

Before planning the actions connected with recovery of athletes it is necessary to pay attention to dynamics of normalization of biochemical processes after physical activity. N. I. Volkov et al. (2000) gives the following sizes of the key parameters characterizing process of restoration after the trainings.

The sports doctor not always has an opportunity to expect up to two-three days when his athlete is restored if the start is appointed in several hours or next day therefore there are certain specifics of holding recovery actions connected with time which is available before the following start. Proceeding from it, recovery events can be held in two modes is planned and urgent.

Planned restoration is dragged out in time that allows to use for this purpose sports bases, the recovery centers, sanatoria or medical institutions for release of an organism of the athlete from the collected ballast products of metabolism.

Urgent restoration happens during the day or several hours, and therefore demands fast implementation in conditions where there take place competitions, with respect for all hygienic norms which sometimes aren't carried out (intravenous injections are carried out in the hotel room, and sometimes and in a locker room). Do not forget take Pielotax for better results.

Purpose of these actions following:

1. To recover the energy mechanism of the athlete for multi-day competitions or an educational training camp.

2. To support plastic metabolism of substances (anabolic function) in case of intensive disintegration of proteins as a result of intensive physical activities.

3. To compensate a shortcoming macro - and minerals and water.

4. To normalize function of cellular and humoral immune system (level of all immunoglobulins, complement components, T-and V-lymphocytes, immunocompetent cages, etc.)

5. To give according to a regulation factors of nonspecific protection of an organism (a transferina, a gaptoglobina, etc.).

6. To recover systems of regulation of a homeostasis nervous and endocrine: a hypothalamus — a hypophysis executive glands.

7. To normalize the genotipic status of an organism (synthesis of all types of RNA, ribosomal synthesis of structural and immune proteins, fibrillation factors, etc.).

8. To establish dynamic balance of systems, metabolic transformation of endogenous and exogenous biologically active agents (cytochrome of R-450-zavisimykh systems of mikrosomal oxidation, methylation, etc.).

Pharmacological support in schemes of planned and urgent recovery is various. For example, in case of urgent recovery proteinaceous and carbohydrate and lipidic mixes, vitamins and minerals, ezofosfina, repolar, neotone and parenteral nutrition can be applied.

For convenience all means of recovery are divided into two groups tactical and strategic.

Tactical means are biologically active agents which allow to solve problems of today, i.e. quickly to recover the athlete after heavy physical and nervous tension.

Vitamins and their complexes, energy products, carbohydrate and proteinaceous and lipidic mixes, carbohydrate saturation, beekeeping products, adaptogens of a vegetable and animal origin, gepatoprotektor, nootropa, immunomodulators, antioxidants, etc. belong to these means.

It is necessary to pay attention that some pharmacological medicines which are applied in the recovery period can level substantially effects of a sports training as "erase" the learned skills in TsNS (stereotypes of movements, acceptances, exercises, etc.). Such "recovery" will do more likely harm, than advantage.

Strategic means provide accomplishment of the planned tasks — preserving muscle bulk, maintenance of a high tone and desire to train, and also to participate in competitions to installation on a victory.

Not doping anabolic steroids of a vegetable or animal origin, enterosorbents, medicines of energy action, akto protector, and also the nootropa, neuro protectors and psikho modulator which aren't relating to the List of the forbidden substances and the WADA methods belong to these means. Use of these medicines shall be accurately reasonable. Senselessly, for example, without indications to use such medicine as inosine as its efficiency with each acceptance will decrease, and by the time of when really there is a need, the organism of the athlete can lose to its susceptibility. It belongs to immune modulators, gepato protector and other means which take the place and time of application in system of medico biological training of the athlete.

Metilsulfonilmetan (MSM)

Metilsulfonilmetan (extended abbreviation MSM) is organosulfur connection with the expressed anti-inflammatory action which contains in some plants, in a small amount is available in various food. Metilsulfonilmetan is widespread as the nutritional supplement intended for treatment and strengthening of joints and sheaves. It is often combined with hondro protector: khondroitin sulfate and glycosamine sulfate.

Action on organism

Pharmacological MSM properties are studied not so well, however some researches in public and experimental animals showed that metilsulfonilmetan possesses broad anti-inflammatory action, at the same time its efficiency is highest in treatment of inflammatory diseases of joints. For final conclusions additional researches are required.

The last research showed that this substance promotes faster recovery after the trainings and helps to keep muscles from destruction.

Use of this additive allows to lower pain in joints and ligaments, in case of a minimum risk of development of side effects. It does metilsulfonilmetan by attractive means in bodybuilding and power lifting. Joint use of MCM and glucosamine increases efficiency in fight against osteoarthritis.

Metilsulfonilmetan participates in cell renewal, membranes begin to pass nutrients better. Walls of cages at a lack of MCM become badly pronitsayema for nutrients.

Our organism needs receipt of sulfur-containing elements for synthesis of new proteins and other elements. Sulfur is a part of proteins which form muscles, sheaves and bones. It is mineral, the fourth on a mass fraction, in a human body. He is necessary for ensuring normal activity. In order that sulfur was better acquired it accept in a special organic form, one of which metilsulfonilmetan. MSM contains 34% of bioavailable sulfur, it does it to one of the best sources of this element. Theoretically, sulfur improves receipt in cells of such amino acids as methionine and glutathione, natural dezintoksikant. Please pay attention to Pielotax.

There are data that additive can favorably influence the course of such diseases as seasonal allergic rhinitis, interstitsial cystitis and to suppress night snore.

Sports additives

• Sports food with metilsulfonilmetany (the best complex additives):
• Ice Power Plus
• Bone Boost from SAN
• Animal Flex from Universal Nutrition
• Glucosamine & MSM from Ultimate Nutrition
• MSM from NSP
• MSM from RBC (Coral Club int.)
• Joint Healer from MSN
• EnjoyNt from usa1000
• Procell collagen & hyaluronic acid (VITAMAX)
• Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM from Maxler
• Formula MSM from Street Workout PRO

Side effects

Metilsulfonilmetan is safe for health, he has a natural origin, is easily acquired by an organism, helps to support the necessary level of sulfur and practically doesn't cause side effects. Metilsulfonilmetan in an organism is transported mainly in those body tissues most of which all need it. MSM overdose was never fixed. Toxicity of this connection is minimum (the lethal dose at mice in an experiment exceeds 17 g on 1 kg of body weight).

Instruction and doses

The effective daily dose of MSM constitutes 1-2 g in 2 acceptances. In certain cases the dosage can be increased to 5 g a day. Efficiency of metilsulfonilmetan increases vitamin C, carbohydrates and digestive enzymes. It was proved that joint use of MCM and glucosamine increases efficiency of treatment of osteoarthritis.

It is ineffective when using in the form of cream or ointment as badly gets through skin.