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Actovegin pills - Helped get rid of the horrible headaches during pregnancy

14 Jan 2017

Advantages: effective drug

Disadvantages: High price

Approximately 6-7 weeks of pregnancy, toxemia began with terrible headaches, from morning until late at night unbearably sick temporal regions.

The neurologist appointed me Actovegin pills for 30 days. At first, no change, I did not feel, and become upset, but two weeks after the start of drug administration, headaches stopped. It is now 1.5 months I finished taking “Actovegin” and no headache! I hope that will not come back!

Usage time: 30 days


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Cycloferon tablets - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects

13 Jan 2017

Cycloferon is the universal antiviral preparation with direct antiviral, immunocorrecting, and anti-inflammatory activity. Cycloferon reinforces the body nonspecific resistance to viral and bacterial infections.

Cycloferon enteric-coated tablets 0.15 g

Brand name: CYCLOFERON

Dosage form: Enteric-coated tablets.

Therapeuctic category: Immunomodulating factor (inducer of interferon).

Pharmacotherapeutic group: immunostimulatory agent.

Composition:

One tablet contains:

active ingredient - meglumine acridone acetate based on acetic acid-acridone - 150 mg; excipients: Povidone - 7.93 mg Calcium stearate - 3.07 mg hypromellose - 2.73 mg Polysorbate 80 - 0.27 mg of methacrylic acid ethyl acrylate copolymer - 23.21 mg Propylene Glycol - 1.79 mg .

Description: yellow biconvex tablets, enteric coated.

Pharmacological properties

Cycloferon is a low molecular weight inducer of interferon with expressed interferonogenic activity prolonged for 3 days, which defines a wide range of its biological activities (antiviral, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, etc.).

CYCLOFERON is effective at viral hepatitis, influenza, herpes, cytomegalovirus, HIV, papilloma virus and other viruses. The preparation possesses direct antiviral effect by inhibiting of viral replication at early stages (1-5th days) of infection, reducing infectivity of virus progeny, resulting in formation of defective viral particles. CYCLOFERON® increases nonspecific viral and bacterial infections resistance. Please pay attention to Pinealon.

Pharmacodynamics.
Cycloferon is an interferon inducer is a small molecule, which defines a wide range of its biological activity (antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and others.).
Cycloferon effective against herpes viruses, influenza and other pathogens of acute respiratory diseases. It has a direct antiviral effect by inhibiting viral replication in early pregnancy (day 1-5e) infection, reducing the infectivity of viral progeny, resulting in formation of defective viral particles. It increases non-specific resistance of the organism against viral and bacterial infections.

Pharmacokinetics.
When receiving a daily dose maximum plasma concentration is reached after 3.2 hours, gradually decreasing the 8th hour and after 24 hours Cycloferon detected in trace amounts. The half-life is 4-5 hours, so the use of Cycloferon drug in recommended doses, does not create conditions for accumulation in the body.

Indications
In adults in the treatment of:
influenza and acute respiratory infections;
herpes infection.
Children from the age of four in the treatment of:
influenza and acute respiratory infections;
Herpes infection.
Children ranging from four years for the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory diseases.

Contraindications
Pregnancy, lactation, children under 4 years of age (due to imperfect act of swallowing), hypersensitivity to components of the drug, decompensated cirrhosis.

Precautions
When the digestive organs diseases in acute stage (erosion, gastric ulcer and / or duodenal ulcers, gastritis and duodenitis) and allergic reactions in history be sure to consult with your doctor before taking the drug.

Dosing and Administration
Inside, once a day, 30 minutes before a meal, without chewing, with 1/2 cup of water, in the age dosages:
children 4-6 years: 150 mg (1 tablet) for reception;
children 7-11 years: 300-450 mg (2-3 tablets) at the reception;
adults and children over 12 years: 450-600 mg (3-4 tablets) at the reception.
Repeated course it is advisable to spend 2-3 weeks after the end of the first course.

In adults:
1. In the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory diseases take medication for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 th day (the course of treatment - 20 tablets). Treatment should begin at the first sign of the disease.
In severe influenza during the first day of taking six tablets. At need further spend symptomatic therapy (antipyretics, analgesics, expectorants).

2. When herpes infection take medication for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23, and day (treatment of 40 tablets). Treatment is most effective when the first symptoms of the disease.

Children from the age of four:

1. With flu and acute respiratory diseases take medication in doses at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 hours. The course of treatment is from 5 to 10 methods, depending on the severity of the condition and the severity of clinical symptoms.

2. In the preparation of HSV infection to take 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, the 14th day of treatment. The course of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the severity of the clinical symptoms.

3. For emergency non-specific prevention of influenza and acute respiratory infections (in direct contact with patients with influenza or acute respiratory disease of another etiology, during a flu epidemic): 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 th day. Next, perform a break of 72 hours (three days) and continue the course of 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 rd day. The general course is from 5 to 10 receptions.

Cycloferon Interaction with other drugs
Cycloferon compatible with all drugs used in the treatment of these diseases (interferons, chemotherapeutic, symptomatic drugs, and others.). It enhances the action of interferon and nucleoside analogues. It reduces the side effects of chemotherapy, interferon.

special instructions for Cycloferon
Cycloferon does not affect the ability to drive.In diseases of the thyroid gland should consult endocrinologist.
If the reception of the next dose is missed, it should be as soon as possible without regard to the time interval and doubling the dosage to continue the course started on the scheme.
In the absence of the therapeutic effect is necessary to consult a doctor.

Cycloferon - Smart medicine for influenza and SARS

Every day, bacteria and viruses attack our bodies. And if the bacteria immune system manages to cope and to prevent progression of the disease, the virus of the case is much more complicated. They get into our body's cells, turning them into their "laboratory" for the production of new viral progeny. Processes that launches a viral infection that can have a negative impact on any living organism!

What is influenza virus or look through a microscope

Virus (including influenza) - is an intracellular parasite. He was not able to lead a full life outside the cell "master". Whether animal or human. According to their structure, viruses - it is packed into the shell genetic information. Once in the living organism, they introduce their DNA in healthy cells, which begin to "work on the virus" producing viral progeny.

Scientists have recovered more than 200 types of viruses - SARS agents. Influenza can occur in different ways and cause complications. Experts distinguish between two kinds of complications manifested by the lungs (pulmonary) and manifested by other bodies. If the first dangerous pneumonia and rhinitis, the second type of complications can cause a number of serious diseases, up to toxic and allergic shock. Therefore, the flu or SARS should not be allowed to take their course. Treatment of these diseases is necessary to begin with the very first appearance of symptoms.

The first signs of alarm

The symptoms of influenza are known to everyone. Typically, the disease begins suddenly with a sharp rise in temperature. Most often on the second day of illness there is a dry exhausting cough, runny nose may begin. Flu is always accompanied by pain in muscles and joints, and severe headache.

Complications of influenza

Influenza can occur in different ways and cause complications. Experts distinguish between two kinds of complications manifested by the lungs (pulmonary) and manifested by other bodies. If the first dangerous pneumonia and rhinitis, the second type of complications can cause a number of serious diseases, up to toxic and allergic shock. Therefore, the flu should not be allowed to take their course. Treatment of this disease should be started with the appearance of the very first signs.

At the first sign of illness, seek medical advice

Symptoms caused by viral infection is different, and the clinical picture of the disease is able to confuse even a person with medical training. At this stage it is very important not to succumb to self-medicate and do not listen to questionable advice. It is necessary to immediately consult a doctor.

An experienced doctor knows that it requires a "smart" drug that can not only detect the virus, but also enhance antiviral immunity.

Cycloferon Smart medicine against influenza viruses

So clever medicine is Cycloferon. Cycloferon is effective against herpes viruses, influenza and other pathogens of acute respiratory diseases.

Cycloferon has a direct antiviral effect (fights against the virus itself, inhibiting its reproduction) and stimulates the natural protective factors of the organism, thereby "triggering" its own human immune system, which is also struggling with the virus. That is, treatment of viral infection occurs in two ways.

Application Cycloferon helps to reduce the period of the disease, reduce the risk of complications. Cycloferon also possesses anti-inflammatory action. This ensures maximum protection of the body of the flu.

Cycloferon has no effect on the liver rapidly excreted, it does not reduce the therapeutic effect even with frequent use. Drug approved for use in adults and children 4 years of age.

Cycloferon - Blocking the activity of viruses
Everyone is familiar with the symptoms of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, but few people know what happens in the body. To understand how to be treated for the flu, it is important to think of the process of infection of the body at the cellular level.
How the infected cell
To begin with let us recall that the virus - it is not a full body and a biological particle, which is necessary for the reproduction of the "boss". That "master" can be a cell in the human body. When the virus enters the healthy cell, it modifies the work cell so that it begins to produce viral progeny. Scientists have found that one infected cell is capable of 8 hours make up to 1000 viral particles. With the penetration of infection in the body is infected with not just one but a plurality of cells. This process of infection explains the rapid development of the disease.

To successfully fight the viral infection is necessary to use not only the products, removing symptoms (headache, runny nose, sore throat, fever) but the drug stops viral replication process - Cycloferon.

Cycloferon prevents the growth of viruses
Cycloferon suppresses propagation of virus particles, thereby forming so-called defective viral particles (DI particles) which do not have infectious ability simply excreted.

Cycloferon block the multiplication of viruses and prevents their activity.
The antiviral effect Cycloferon (active ingredient - acridone acetate meglumine) is universal for different types of viruses. Cycloferon effective against herpes viruses, influenza and other pathogens of acute respiratory diseases.

Cycloferon reduces illness
Thanks to these properties, the use of Cycloferon accelerates convalescence. The disease occurs more easily and reduces the risk of complications in adults and children.

Cycloferon Dosage for Treatment Flu and SARS

In the treatment of uncomplicated flu and SARS adults should take 4 tablets once Cycloferon 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 days of treatment. In case of complications should continue receiving Cycloferon in the same doses at 11,14, 17, 20 and 23 days of treatment.

Cycloferon approved for use with children 4 years of age. Children from 4 to 6 years appoint 1 tablet, with 7 to 12 years 2-3 tablets a day for adults and children from 12 years: 3-4 tablets. Cycloferon should be taken once in the morning, on an empty stomach, without chewing.

Emergency prevention and strengthening immunity

At the height of the epidemic season it is very important not to catch the flu or SARS. Especially if there are children in the immediate vicinity. Children's immune system is quite volatile, reacts particularly acute on pathogens.

Our immune system is designed in such a way as to protect the body from external infections. However, for various reasons, the body's defensive reaction is delayed, and disease during that time can "gain traction". This may be due to the weakening of the immune system: due to stress, an unbalanced diet, climate change, etc. The virus itself also able to reduce the protective functions of the body. To fight the virus as soon as possible is used antiviral drugs that can quickly stop the multiplication of viruses.

How does Cycloferon act?

Functions of the immune defense cells are very diverse. Some of them are designed to produce interferons.

By their nature, interferon is a protein related to the innate immune system. He performs the first line of defense in response to the invading virus particles.

Cycloferon stimulates rapid production of interferons own body. We should not be afraid of an overabundance of interferon. In the body there is a mechanism to control the production of interferon, which is activated when the required level of interferon in the blood and their development stops.

Cycloferon - fast inducer of endogenous interferon

Molecule Cycloferon (active ingredient - acridone acetate meglumine) affects the immune system cells responsible for the production of interferon - macrophages. And they begin to produce interferon. Within 2 hours after ingestion maximum observed antiviral activity of the immune system. This "interferon barrier" prevents the penetration of viruses into the cells of the body and does not give the virus a chance to multiply.

What is "emergency prevention"

The use of the drug in order to prevent the disease in the event of contact with the ailing person and (or) during the epidemic called "emergency prevention". Application Cycloferon for emergency prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection reduces the risk of disease.

Studying the effectiveness of Cycloferon for the purpose of prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in adults and children

Study the effectiveness of Cycloferon for the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections was conducted on the basis of various medical institutions.

results of the Cycloferon study

Children. Influence Cycloferon to reduce the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in young patients it has been experimentally proven in clinical studies to increase the natural resistance (resistance to the virus) children for the prevention of influenza and SARS. The study involved 17,520 children aged 4 to 16 years. The results showed that the application of Cycloferon incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection of young children has decreased by 7.2 times, and older - 2.9 times.

Adults. A similar clinical study was conducted and with adults aged 18-25 years. The study involved 3717 people.

As shown by the test results, Cycloferon reduces the incidence of adult influenza and SARS in 3,5 times.

Cycloferon approved for use in adults and children from 4 years.

Cycloferon - study effectiveness
Every year we are faced with the problem of influenza and SARS. For successful treatment of viral diseases at the first sign of infection is important not to lose time, immediately began administering an effective drug that could not only block the activity of viruses, without causing harm to the body, but also improve immunity.

One of these drugs is Cycloferon. It is able to solve the challenge to address the causes of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections, reduce the risk of complications and recovery of the body's own protective functions. Due to its effect on the body Cycloferon approved for use not only in adults but also in children from 4 years.

Before using any drug is advised to carefully read the instruction, which is approved by the Ministry of Health on the basis of comprehensive scientific tests. For each application Cycloferon action is a series of clinical trials. Conducting such research is a prerequisite to ensure that the drug came to the pharmacy windows. However, after the tests required for registration, Cycloferon efficacy studies have been going on for over 20 years.

The evidence base
Cycloferon can be proud of the scale and quality of research conducted over many years of its implementation and proving its effectiveness. The Scientific Medical Library of Congress has published about 200 experimental, clinical and scientific papers devoted to the study of the efficacy and safety Cycloferon for various viral diseases. Cycloferon included in the list of vital and essential drugs in the Russian Federation, as well as standards of treatment of influenza of varying severity, in both adults and children.

Application Cycloferon for the purpose of prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection contributes to a marked decrease in morbidity among adults and children
Children. Influence Cycloferon to reduce the incidence of influenza and SARS young patients it has been experimentally proven in clinical studies to increase the natural resistance (resistance to the virus) children for the prevention of influenza and SARS. The study involved 17,520 children aged 4 to 16 years. The results showed that the application of Cycloferon incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection of young children has decreased by 7.2 times, and older - 2.9 times.
Adults. This clinical trial was carried out and in adults aged 18-25 years. The study involved 3717 people.

As shown by the test results, Cycloferon reduces the incidence of adult influenza and SARS in 3.5 times.

Cycloferon Application for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in adults and children significantly reduces the likelihood of disease and complications
Children. In a clinical study, devoted to the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in children attended 122 children from 4 to 14 years.

Cycloferon shortens:
febrile reaction in 2.0 times
rhinitis and pharyngitis 2.0 times
cough 1.5 times
wheezing in the lungs by 1.7 times

As the results of studies of children Cycloferon 2 times reduces the periods of elevated temperature, the manifestations rhinitis and pharyngitis and 1.5 times - during cough symptoms. The results indicate that Cycloferon effective in reducing the incidence and severity of symptoms of influenza and SARS, preventing development and reducing the severity of complications.

Adults. In this clinical study, adults who took part in 522 people aged 18-20 years. Of these, 320 people were diagnosed with moderate forms of influenza A (H1N1). The results of the study, Cycloferon in treatment of H1N1 influenza and SARS greatly improves the quality of the treatment process, and speeds recovery. At the same time it changes the structure of the flu, including the H1N1 flu, and SARS in the predominance of pulmonary forms of the disease. In particular, Cycloferon reduces the intensity and duration of the reaction temperature, and in combination with symptomatic means 9 (!) Times reduces the incidence of influenza and SARS complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

Cycloferon not have a detrimental effect on the body
The study devoted to the impact of Cycloferon on the body, has shown that the drug has no negative impact on vital organs, particularly the liver, t. To. Is not metabolized in it. It does not stay in the body and excreted by the kidneys in an unmodified form within a day after the reception.

Admission Scheme of Cycloferon (tablets) at influenza and SARS:
Prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (extra and seasonal): reception 1 times a day, in the age dose 30 minutes before a meal without chewing.

Days of reception: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23.

General rate - from 5 to 10 receptions. The course may extend for another 5 receptions at intervals of 1 every 3 days for a doctor's recommendation.

Treatment of influenza and SARS: reception 1 times a day, in the age dose 30 minutes before a meal without chewing.

Days of reception: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8.
Age-dose on reception

Children 4-6 years: 1 tablet per reception
Children 7-11 years: 2 tablets at reception
Children from 12 years and adults: 4 tablets. In severe influenza during the first day of taking 6 tablets.
Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, children under 4 years (due to imperfect act of swallowing), hypersensitivity to components of the drug, decompensated cirrhosis.

Cycloferon Treatment of influenza and SARS
Presumably, the name of the disease "influenza" comes from the German word "Grips", which means the pharynx, or throat from the English word "grip" to twist, grasp (of the disease). Influenza is part of a group of acute respiratory viral infections (ARI) and regularly distributed in the form of epidemics. As a rule, the disease develops rapidly, suddenly and violently. More morning person can go out completely healthy, and in the evening come back with fever and aching muscles and joints. What is the cause of poor health?

Influenza Pathogens
Scientists have recovered more than 200 species of SARS agents. The causative agents of influenza - is three kinds of virus (type A, type B and type C). All three types of influenza virus are different in structure. Over the years, the evolution of man has learned to produce immunity to a specific type of virus. This feature of the immune system has helped people to survive for centuries. But not all so simple! Develop immunity against one type of influenza virus "does not work" against another. Furthermore, viruses of the same type (particularly of type A) are able to quickly mutate and change their structure. As a result, new forms of influenza viruses are produced every year, unknown to our immune system. That's why most people get the flu each year.

The first signs of alarm
The symptoms of influenza are known to everyone. Typically, the disease begins suddenly with a sharp rise in temperature. Most often on the second day of illness there is a dry exhausting cough, runny nose may begin. Flu is always accompanied by pain in muscles and joints, and severe headache.

Complications of influenza
Influenza can occur in different ways and cause complications. Experts distinguish between two kinds of complications manifested by the upper and lower airways, and manifested by the other organs. If the first dangerous pneumonia and rhinitis, the second kind of complications can cause a number of serious diseases, up to toxic and allergic shock. Therefore, the flu should not be allowed to take their course. Treatment of this disease should be started with the appearance of the very first signs.
At the first sign of illness, seek medical advice

Symptoms caused by viral infection is different, and the clinical picture of the disease is able to confuse even a person with medical training. it is very important not to succumb to self-medicate and do not listen to questionable advice at the first signs of the disease. It is necessary to immediately consult a doctor.

An experienced doctor knows that the flu and acute respiratory viral infections requires "smart" drug that can not only fight the virus, but also enhance antiviral immunity.

The secret to treat influenza and SARS
Influenza is a serious disease, so he felt the first symptoms, you should immediately take steps antiviral defense. There are a number of drugs aimed at the treatment of viral infections. One of these drugs is Cycloferon, release tablet form.

Cycloferon has a direct antiviral effect (fights by the virus), it stimulates a person's own immune system, which is also struggling with the virus. That is, treatment of viral infection occurs in two ways.

Application Cycloferon helps to reduce the period of the disease, reduce the risk of complications. Cycloferon also possesses anti-inflammatory action. This ensures maximum protection of the body of the flu.

Cycloferon no effect on the liver rapidly excreted, it does not reduce the therapeutic effect even with frequent use. The drug is approved for use in adults and children 4 years of age.


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Cytoflavin tablets - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects

13 Jan 2017

Pharmacological group: metabolic means

Trade name: TSITOFLAVIN (CYTOFLAVIN),Cytoflavin

Cytoflavin is a metabolic agent. All Cytoflavin ingredients are natural body metabolites and stimulate tissue respiration.

Synonyms: Cerebronorm.

Active substance: Inosine, Nicotinamide, Riboflavin, Succinic Acid.

Grouping name: Inosine + + Riboflavin Nicotinamide + Succinic acid

Dosage form: enteric coated tablets

Composition per 1 tablet:

active substance:

succinic acid - 0.300 g, inosine (Riboxinum) - 0.050 g nicotinamide - 0.025 g

riboflavin sodium phosphate (riboflavin) - 0.005 g;

Excipients:

povidone - 0.00810 g, calcium stearate - 0.00390 g

Hypromellose - 0.00360 g polysorbate 80 - 0.00040 g;

enteric coat: methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymer - 0.02902 g propylene glycol - 0.00291 g dye azorubin (karmuazin) (E 122) - 0.00007 g

Cytoflavin tablets 400 mg, N50

Cytoflavin tablets 400 mg, N100

Therapeuctic category:

metabolic regulator.

Nosological classification (ICD–10)

I67.2 Cerebral atherosclerosis;

I67.4 Hypertensive encephalopathy;

I67.9 Cerebrovascular disease, unspecified;

I69.3 The consequences of cerebral infarction;

R53 Malaise and fatigue.

Pharmacological properties

Cytoflavin possesses anti-hypoxic activity, stimulating energy production in the cells; reduces free radical generation, and restores antioxidant enzyme activities.

The medicine improves cerebral blood flow; activates metabolic processes in central nervous system, and has positive effect on bioelectrical activity of the brain. You can also like Pinealon.

Cytoflavin has beneficial effect on patient’s neurologic status by reducing the manifestations of asthenia, headache, vestibulocerebellar and cochlear-vestibular syndromes. It also eliminates the distress in emotional and volitive sphere of the patient by reducing anxiety and depression; improves intellectual and mental function and quality of patient’s life.

pharmacological properties

pharmacodynamics

Pharmacological effects are caused by the combined action of a part of the drug cytoflavin components.

Succinic acid (UC) - the endogenous intracellular metabolite of the Krebs cycle, performing a universal energy-synthesizing function in the cells of the body. With the participation of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) succinic acid mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase rapidly transformed into fumaric acid, and later in other metabolites of the citric acid cycle. It stimulates aerobic glycolysis and ATP synthesis in cells.

The final product of succinic acid metabolism in the Krebs cycle is carbon dioxide and water. Succinic acid improves tissue respiration due to electron transport activation in mitochondria.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a flavin cofactor (FAD), activating suktsinad dehydrogenase and other redox reactions of the Krebs cycle. Nicotinamide (Vitamin PP) nicotinamide.

Nicotinamide in cells via a cascade of biochemical reactions, transformed into a form of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate (NADP), nicotinamide-dependent activating enzymes Krebs cycle required for stimulation of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis.

Inosine is a purine derivative, a precursor of ATP. It has the ability to activate a number of enzymes of the Krebs cycle by stimulating the synthesis of key enzymes, nucleotides: flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

Thus, all components are natural metabolites Cytoflavin body and stimulate tissue respiration. Metabolic energy-correction antihypoxic and antioxidant activity of the drug, which determine the pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy of the components, due to the complementary action of succinic acid, inosine, nicotinamide and riboflavin.

Pharmacokinetics

Citoflavin has high bioavailability.

Succinic acid ingestion penetrates from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and tissue reactions taking part in energy metabolism and is completely degraded to end products of metabolism (carbon dioxide and water) after 30 minutes.

Inosine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The time to reach maximum blood concentration - 5 hours average residence time in the blood - 5.5 hours, the equilibrium distribution of volume of about 20 liters. Inosine is metabolized in the liver to form inosine monophosphate, followed by its oxidation to uric acid. In small quantities excreted by the kidneys.

Nicotinamide is rapidly distributed in all tissues (the equilibrium volume of distribution of approximately 500 liters). The time to reach maximum blood concentration - 2 hours, the average retention time in the blood - 4.5 hours. Nicotinamide crosses the placenta and breast milk; metabolized in the liver with the formation of N-methylnicotinamide, excreted by the kidneys.

Riboflavin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, unevenly distributed (the highest number in the myocardium, liver, kidney), is transformed into flavinadeninmononukleotid (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the mitochondria. It penetrates through the placenta and breast milk; excreted by the kidneys, mainly as metabolites.

Indications for Cytoflavin

In adults in the treatment of:

- The consequences of cerebral infarction;

- Other cerebrovascular diseases (cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertensive encephalopathy);

- Neurasthenia (irritability, fatigue, loss of the ability to long-term mental and physical stress).

Cytoflavin Dosage and Administration

Inside of 2 tablets 2 times a day with an interval between receptions of 8-10 hours. Tablets should be taken at least 30 minutes before a meal, without chewing, washing down with water (100 ml).

It is recommended taking the drug in the morning and day time (within 18 hours).

The duration of treatment of 25 days. Purpose of the course may repeat at intervals of not less than 1 month.

Cytoflavin Side effect

Headache, pain or discomfort in the epigastric region. Allergic reactions such as skin redness and itching. Adverse reactions include: transient hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, gout exacerbation of concomitant.

If any of these instructions side effects are compounded or you notice any other side effects not mentioned in the instructions, inform your doctor.

Overdose

So far, cases of drug overdose cytoflavin has not been established.

Cytoflavin Interaction with other drugs

Succinic acid, inosine and nicotinamide, are part of the drug Citoflavin compatible with other drugs.

Riboflavin, which is part of the drug Citoflavin, reduces the activity of some antibiotics (tetracyclines, erythromycin, lincomycin), is incompatible with streptomycin. Ethanol, three cyclic antidepressants, tubular secretion blockers reduce the absorption of riboflavin and thyroid hormones accelerate its metabolism.

Special instructions

In hypertensive disease may require adjustment of doses of antihypertensive drugs.

In patients with diabetes treated under the control of blood glucose concentration.

Perhaps the intense staining of urine yellow.

Cytoflavin no effect on: the ability to drive vehicles, work with moving machinery, the work of dispatchers and operators.


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Meldonium (Mildronate) pills, ampoules - Instructions for Use, Dosage, Side Effects

13 Jan 2017

Pharmacological group: Other metabolic.

Synonyms: Idrinol, Cardionate, Medatern, Melfor, Midolat, Mildronat, Mildronats, Mildronats-Grindeks, Mildroxyn, Neomildronat, Midolat.

Active substance: Meldonium.

ATC - C01EB Drugs for treatment of other diseases of the heart.

Nosological classification (ICD- 10)

E63 Physical and mental overload;

F10.3 abstinence;

G46 Vascular syndromes of brain in cerebrovascular diseases;

H34.8 Other retinal vascular occlusion;

H35.0 Background retinopathy and retinal vascular changes;

H35.6 Retinal hemorrhage;

H36.0 Diabetic retinopathy (E10-E14 + with common fourth character.3);

H44.8 Other disorders of eyeball;

I20 Angina [ angina ];

I21 Acute myocardial infarction;

I42.8 Other cardiomyopathy;

I50.0 Congestive heart failure;

I63 Cerebral infarction;

R53 Malaise and fatigue;

Z73.0 Overwork;

Z73.2 Lack of rest and relaxation;

Z73.6 Restrictions on activity, caused by reduced disability.

Composition, structure and packing of Meldonium

Meldnonium tablets hard gelatin capsules, size number 00, white contents of capsules - white crystalline powder with a faint odor, hygroscopic.

Other ingredients: potato starch, colloidal silicon dioxide, calcium stearate.

The composition of the capsule shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide (E171).

Meldonium tablets 250 mg, N40

Meldonium tablets 500 mg, N60

Solution for injection transparent, colorless.

Excipients: water for injections.

Meldonium ampoules 100 mg/ml, 5 ml, N10

Pharmacological action of Meldonium

The drug Meldonium, that improves metabolism. Meldonium is a structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, a substance that is found in every cell of the human body.

Under conditions of high load Meldonium restores the balance between the delivery and the need for oxygen cells, eliminates the accumulation of toxic products of metabolism in the cells, protecting them from damage, also has a tonic effect. As a result of its use of the organism acquires the ability to withstand stress and to quickly restore energy reserves. Because of these properties Meldonium is used to treat a variety of disorders of the cardiovascular system, the blood supply to the brain, as well as enhance physical and mental performance.

As a result of reducing the concentration of carnitine is synthesized hard gamma-butyrobetaine, which has vasodilatory properties. In acute ischemic myocardial injury - Meldonium slows the formation of necrotic area, shorten the rehabilitation period.

In heart failure, the drug increases myocardial contractility, increases exercise tolerance, reduces the frequency of angina attacks.

Acute and chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disorders improves blood circulation in the ischemic focus, promotes redistribution of blood in favor of ischemic area.

Effective with vascular pathology and dystrophic retina.

The drug eliminates the functional disorders of the nervous system in patients with chronic alcoholism with abstinence syndrome.

Pharmacokinetics of Meldonium

Absorption of Meldonium

After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is about 78%. C max in plasma is reached after 1–2 hours after ingestion.

After IV the bioavailability is 100%. Cmax in plasma is reached immediately after its introduction.

Metabolism and excretion

It is metabolized in the body into two major metabolites are excreted by the kidneys. T 1/2 is 3 - 6 hours and was dose-dependent.

Meldonium Dosage

In connection with the possibility of stimulating effect of the drug Meldonium is recommended in the first half of the day.

Cardiovascular diseases in the complex therapy drug Meldonium is prescribed oral dose of 0.5–1 g/day or IV (of 5–10 ml of solution for injections at a concentration of 500 mg/5 ml), the multiplicity of application 1–2 times/day. The course of treatment - 4–6 weeks.

When cardialgia on background dyshormonal myocardial dystrophy Meldonium designate the interior of 250 mg 2 times/day. The course of treatment - 12 days.

In case of violation of cerebral circulation in the acute phase of drug Meldonium administered IV (in the appropriate dosage form - 500 mg 1 time/day for 10 days), then move on to receive the drug orally 0.5–1 g/day. The general course of therapy - 4–6 weeks.

In chronic cerebrovascular disorders drug Meldonium is taken orally 0.5–1 g/day. The general course of therapy - 4–6 weeks. Repeated courses administered individually 2–3 times a year.

When mental and physical stress Meldonium is prescribed orally 250 mg 4 times/day. The treatment course - 10–14 days. If necessary, repeat the treatment after 2–3 weeks.

Athletes are recommended to use 0.5–1 g 2 times/day before workouts. Duration of the Meldonium course during the preparatory period - 14–21 days, in Season - 10–14 days.

In chronic alcoholism Meldonium drug designate the interior of 500 mg 4 times/day. The course of Meldonium treatment - 7–10 days.

Meldonium Overdose

Overdoses Meldonium is not described, the drug has low toxicity and does not cause side effects that are dangerous to the health of patients.

Meldonium Interactions

In a joint application Meldonium enhances the effect of antianginal drugs, some antihypertensive drugs, cardiac glycosides.

Meldonium can be combined with antianginal drugs, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, antiarrhythmic agents, diuretics, bronchodilators.

In a joint application with Meldonium nitroglycerin, nifedipine, alpha-blockers, antihypertensives and peripheral vasodilators may develop mild tachycardia, hypotension (use caution when using this combination.)

Meldonium -Pregnancy and lactation

Safety for use during pregnancy has not Meldonium proved. To avoid potential adverse effects on the fetus drug should not be administered during pregnancy.

It is not known whether the drug in breast milk. If necessary, use Meldonium lactation breastfeeding should be discontinued.

Meldonium Side effects

With the cardiovascular system: rarely - tachycardia, changes in blood pressure.

CNS: rarely - psychomotor agitation.

Digestive system: rarely - diarrhea symptoms.

Allergic reactions: rarely - itching, redness, rash, swelling.

Indications for Meldonium Usage

  • In the complex therapy of coronary heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy dyshormonal;
  • In the complex treatment of acute and chronic cerebrovascular events (stroke and cerebrovascular disease);
  • Reduced performance;
  • Physical stress (including athletes);
  • Abstinence syndrome in chronic alcoholism (in combination with specific therapy for alcoholism);
  • Hemophthalmus, retinal hemorrhages of different etiologies;
  • Thrombosis of the central retinal vein and its branches;
  • Retinopathy of different etiology (diabetic, hypertension).

Contraindications for Meldonium Usage

Increased intracranial pressure (including the violation of the venous outflow, intracranial tumors);

Children and teens under 18 years old;

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Be wary of diseases of the liver and/or kidney disease, especially in a long time.

With careful use of the drug for a long time in patients with chronic liver disease and kidney failure.

Years of experience in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina in cardiology departments shows that Meldonium is not the drug of choice in acute coronary syndrome.

Meldonium Use in Pediatrics

In children and adolescents under the age of 18 years the efficacy and safety of Meldonium in the form of capsules and solution for injection has not been established.

Effects on ability to drive vehicles and management mechanisms

Information on adverse effects Meldonium for psychomotor speed of reaction is not available.


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Cycloferon at influenza H1N1. Symptoms and Treatment

13 Jan 2017

The virus H1N1 (aka swine flu) refers to influenza A viruses, and is the most common type of flu, causing major epidemics. The H1N1 virus is dangerous for both people and animals.

Symptoms of H1N1 flu
H1N1 Flu in presentation is very similar to the symptoms of any other influenza. The disease develops quickly, within a few hours after infection. Influenza H1N1 is a difference of a sharp rise in temperature to 39,5º-41 ° C and the presence of dyspeptic disorders: persistent nausea, repeated vomiting, and violation of the chair. An increase in temperature indicates that the virus has already penetrated into the body, spread on it, his immune system is noticed and immediately began an active struggle. As a result of this fight influenza viruses are killed, releasing toxins. These toxins poison the human body, causing symptoms of intoxication. Following the increase in temperature, there is a sharp headache, aching muscles, pain during movement of the eyeballs, and photophobia. Develops severe weakness.

The H1N1 influenza virus is insidious by the fact that multiplies with lightning speed and not every immunity can cope with such an attack himself. It is especially difficult to cope with such a viral infection the body of the child or a person with weakened immune systems.

How is the development of H1N1 flu
If the infection of the body temperature in a matter of hours strives to exceed 39ºC mark on the thermometer, and the signs of intoxication pronounced, it means that the influenza is severe.

Later, on the second day of the disease, joined by catarrhal symptoms of the flu: pharyngitis, rhinitis, tracheitis. There are dry and sore throat, dry, persistent cough, which causes chest pain (in the trachea). These symptoms suggest that the respiratory system is in the process of inflammation. In this lies the whole danger of the H1N1 flu. In cases there is bronchospasm. Full job easily broken and the infection attacks the diseased organ with even greater force, developing pneumonia (lung inflammation). Please pay attention to Honluten.

The more dangerous complications of influenza H1N1
Not so terrible flu itself, how terrible its consequences, they lead to disability and even death. Usually complications of influenza H1N1 have already manifested in the 2-3 day of illness.

The most severe complication of influenza H1N1 is a viral pneumonia, from which a person can die within 24 hours after it started. The second most dangerous complication - a bacterial pneumonia. It differs from viral pneumonia that is caused by bacteria that are actively begin to multiply in the body in a weakened immunity. Treatment of bacterial pneumonia is very long and hard. Deaths are less common, but often the sad consequences: people can remain disabled. No less serious complications of influenza are sinusitis, otitis, encephalitis and meningitis less.

Influenza H1N1: particular treatment

Influenza - a viral disease, and fight with him to antiviral agents (and not by antibiotics, they are powerless here!). In order to "catch" the flu at an early stage, the antiviral drug must be always at hand. The earlier immunity received reinforcements in the form of an antiviral agent, the more likely not to fall into the cycle of the epidemic influenza and move in an easy manner. As soon as you feel flu-like symptoms, immediately take the antiviral medication and call your doctor.

Which antiviral drug put in a first-aid kit?

During the epidemic, it is recommended to have in your home medicine cabinet generic antiviral drug that will help the entire family cope with the disease. Thus medicament is Cycloferon (tab.): It is suitable for the treatment of any type of influenza virus, including influenza virus H1N1. Cycloferon (pills) Is approved for use in adults and children 4 years of age.

Cycloferon (Tab) has a triple action treatment: anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and promotes antiviral immunity. Cycloferon (pills) Inhibits the multiplication of influenza virus, including the H1N1, already in the first hours of the disease. It reduces the period of illness and reduce the risk of complications.

No less important is the ability Cycloferon (tab.) To enhance antiviral immunity. As a result, it increases the body's resistance to viral and bacterial infections. This means that the risk of pneumonia and other complications is reduced. Due to the anti-inflammatory action Cycloferon (pi.) Ill easier to move complications (otitis, sinusitis) and to minimize their consequences. Efficacy studies Cycloferon showed that treatment Cycloferon (tab.) Patients with influenza, including influenza H1N1, reduces the intensity and duration of the temperature reaction, and in combination with symptomatic means 9 (!) Times reduces the incidence of complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

How to use Cycloferon (pi.) During an epidemic

Take Cycloferon (Tab) is very convenient - just 1 time per day on the scheme, which is specified in detail in the instructions. An adult is recommended to take 4 tablets once Cycloferon, children 1-3 pills, according to age.

If influenza is severe, after the application of antiviral drug should immediately call a doctor. Cycloferon (pi.) Is compatible with all drugs used in the treatment of influenza, including the H1N1 flu, and the treatment of complications (pneumonia, sinusitis and otitis) Cycloferon (pi.) Reduces the side effects of antibiotics.

H1N1 flu is very dangerous mass distribution, high contagious and consequences of serious complications. The flu, especially the H1N1 flu, prevention is better than cure. Prevention, in this case, is the best way to treat!


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Cycloferon at Emergency Prevention of Flu and Strengthening Immunity

13 Jan 2017

At the height of the epidemic season it is very important not to catch the flu or SARS. Especially if there are children in the immediate vicinity. Children's immune system is quite volatile, reacts particularly acute on pathogens.

Our immune system is designed in such a way as to protect the body from external infections. However, for various reasons, the body's defensive reaction is delayed, and disease during that time can "gain traction". This may be due to the weakening of the immune system: due to stress, an unbalanced diet, climate change, etc. The virus itself also able to reduce the protective functions of the body. To fight the virus as soon as possible is used antiviral drugs that can quickly stop the multiplication of viruses.

How does Cycloferon act?
Functions of the immune defense cells are very diverse. Some of them are designed to produce interferons.

By their nature, interferon is a protein related to the innate immune system. He performs the first line of defense in response to the invading virus particles.

Cycloferon stimulates rapid production of interferons own body. We should not be afraid of an overabundance of interferon. In the body there is a mechanism to control the production of interferon, which is activated when the required level of interferon in the blood and their development stops.

Cycloferon - fast inducer of endogenous interferon
Molecule Cycloferon (active ingredient – acridone acetate meglumine) affects the immune system cells responsible for the production of interferon - macrophages. And they begin to produce interferon. Within 2 hours after ingestion maximum observed antiviral activity of the immune system. This "interferon barrier" prevents the penetration of viruses into the cells of the body and does not give the virus a chance to multiply.

What is "emergency prevention"
The use of the drug in order to prevent the disease in the event of contact with the ailing person and (or) during the epidemic called "emergency prevention". Application Cycloferon for emergency prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection reduces the risk of disease. Please pay attention to Pinealon.

Studying the effectiveness of Cycloferon for the purpose of prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in adults and children
Study the effectiveness of Cycloferon for the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections was conducted on the basis of various medical institutions.

Results of the study
Children. Influence Cycloferon to reduce the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in young patients it has been experimentally proven in clinical studies to increase the natural resistance (resistance to the virus) children for the prevention of influenza and SARS. The study involved 17,520 children aged 4 to 16 years. The results showed that the application of Cycloferon incidence of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection of young children has decreased by 7.2 times, and older - 2.9 times.

Adults. A similar clinical study was conducted and with adults aged 18-25 years. The study involved 3717 people.

As shown by the test results, Cycloferon reduces the incidence of adult influenza and SARS in 3,5 times.

Cycloferon approved for use in adults and children from 4 years.


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Nootropic Drug Cortexin - Very good preparation!

13 Jan 2017

Advantages: helps, no side.

Disadvantages: high price.

Were we a neurologist with my daughter. We complained of severe pain in the head, dizziness and severe fatigue from the studying. neurologist and appointed: Fenebut, Atarax and “Cortexin”. At first I was scared about Cortexin, but I was convinced that the drug is excellent. It does not even have side. It cost very expensive!


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Nootropic Drug Cortexin - suitable for the elderly people

13 Jan 2017

Advantages: There is in any pharmacy

To my mum 79 years old. She had suffered from hypertension and put cerebrovascular sclerosis. And in the spring and autumn is suffering severe headaches. The pharmacy was advised to pierce Cortexin - that is suitable for all older people, unlike piracetam, which can cause a stroke.

Mom really helped. The headaches have almost disappeared. And in the autumn and spring piercing course of medication.

I also noticed an interesting feature of all nootropics drugs as their action comes to an end, and it is 2-3 months, my mother again begin headaches. The only drug “Cortexin” (for my mother) who "keeps in tone" vessels of the brain and just course lasts for six months.


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Nootropic Drug Cortexin - After the course, I forgot about fainting and dizziness

13 Jan 2017

Advantages: Effective, affordable price

I suffer from vascular dystonia since childhood. There used to be fainting, frequent dizziness, weakness, unstable mood, nausea and sometimes vomiting. I was prescribed drugs, but they do not help me.

spring again, I has fainted and hit my head very much, then decided enough and went to a private clinic, and made all the necessary examinations. The diagnosis put vegetative dystonia, appointed forty Nootropic drug ingections, antioxidant vitamins B and relieves spasms.

Then began an autumn aggravation, I have been reading reviews and bought Cortexin because it combines: nootropic, neuroprotective, antioxidant and tissue-specific action I was very satisfied with the course and just 10 injections. I was very pleasantly surprised after a week I felt much better and a half years I have fainting (and earlier 2-3 stable for half a year).


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Nootropic Drug Cortexin - activates the cerebral cortex

13 Jan 2017

Advantages: helps the body adapt to the variability of habitat, activates the cerebral cortex

Disadvantages: expensive, there are contraindications

About the drug Cortexin in our family is known for a long time. He was appointed to my grandmother, then had to make injections to my husband, as a result of a car accident, he received a closed head injury. This medicine every year we injected it for prevention.

It is made on the basis of extracts from pig cerebral cortex.

Neurologist appointed "Cortexin" and our son, who had a diagnosis of "epilepsy".

Injections I did myself. Nothing complicated. Glass ampoules containing powder on the bottom of the mass, which must be diluted.

This drug is very effective. Expensive, but we feel its effect.

The package contains 10 bottles. There are 5 mg, 10 mg

Usage time: many times


Someone from the Kuwait - just purchased the goods:
Opatanol eye drops 0.1% 5ml