Side Effects of Doping Drugs

Description of side effects associated with the use of substances classified as doping, is presented in the Guidelines for the Prevention of doping use. This document was prepared by the Technical Department of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) with the aim to familiarize coaches in volleyball and beach volleyball with the latest information on prevention of doping use. Guide contains a description of the important WADA Code procedures, the Prohibited List, the use for therapeutic use, the process of doping - control results management, sanctions and appeals, the effects of medication and supplements players in FIVB competitions.

Side effects associated with the use of substances classified as Doping

Drugs with an anti-estrogen exposure

Side effects associated with the use of substances with anti-estrogen exposure include:

• fever;
• weight gain;
• fluid retention in the body;
• cardiovascular disorders such as thrombosis (blood clot), hyperlipidemia (excess fat in the blood);
• osteoporosis;
• blurred vision;
• liver toxicity.

Alcohol

Alcohol can increase the self-confidence that other people may be unbearable. It could jeopardize both the athlete and the other people around him. Furthermore, constant use of alcohol may result in:

• vomiting;
• incoherent speech;
• «double vision" in the eyes;
• loss of concentration and memory;
• destruction of the liver;
• defective perception of the environment;
• lack of self-control;
• sleepiness;
• shallow breathing;
• sexual disorders;
• addiction.

Anabolic androgenic steroids

The use of anabolic androgenic steroids can seriously affect human health. The list of side effects is long and varied. Many of the above side effects are reversible if the person ceases to use anabolic steroids, but those marked with an asterisk (*) in the table below may be permanent, depending on the duration of use and dose. (You can also like Phenotropil pills)

Anabolic steroids mimic the hormone produced naturally; They nonetheless hinder normal operation and hormones can lead to harmful effects, such as:

• increased risk of liver disease;
• increased risk of cardiovascular diseases;
• increased risk of contracting hepatitis and HIV / AIDS;
• high blood pressure;
• psychological dependence;

For men:

• acne;
• shrinkage of the testicles *;
• reduction in sperm production *;
• impotence *;
• infertility;
• enlarged prostate;
• an increase in the chest;
• early baldness;
• a potential violation of the liver and kidneys *;
• increased aggression and mood swings;
• decreased sex drive.

For women:

• acne;
• the development of male characteristics;
• deepening of the voice *;
• accelerated growth of hair on the face and body *;
• disruption of the menstrual cycle;
• enlargement of the clitoris *;
• increased aggression and mood swings;
• fetal damage
• decreased sexual desire.

For adolescents:

• severe acne on the face and body;
• precocious puberty;
• stunting due to the premature termination of drives growth in the spine and bones.

Artificial oxygen carrier

The harmful effects of side effects caused by oxygen carriers, can be extremely dangerous, especially if it is difficult to determine the dosage of these chemicals.

Side effects of fluoro-carbons include:

• short-term fever;
• Reducing the number of platelets;
• blood poisoning (if the substance with an impurity);
• irritability;

Possible side effects of hemoglobin include:

• high blood pressure;
• narrowing of the blood vessels;
• an overabundance of iron.
• renal failure;

Beta-blockers

Side effects of the use of beta-blockers include:

• low blood pressure and slow heartbeat;
• sleep disturbance;
• sexual dysfunction;
• feeling of fatigue and reduced activity;
• spasm of the respiratory tract;
• heart failure;
• depression;
• narrowing of the blood vessels in the hands and feet.

Beta 2 agonists

Possible side effects include use of:

• palpitations;
• headache;
• nausea;
• sweating;
• muscle cramps;
• unbalanced mental state.

Blood Doping

It leads to dangerous health risks, including:

• jaundice;
• excessive blood circulation;
• increases the risk of contact infections such as hepatitis and AIDS;
• blood poisoning;
• blood clots, heart attack or heart failure
• metabolic shock;
• allergic reactions (rash, or since the temperature to kidney failure) using the wrong blood type matched.

Cannabinoids

Results of use can include:

• condition similar to intoxication;
• loss of perception of time and space;
• reduced alertness, balance and coordination;
• reduced ability to perform complex tasks;
• loss of concentration;
• Increased blood pulse;
• increased appetite;
• instability of mood - rapid changes from euphoria to depression

Long-term use of marijuana can result in:

• Loss of attention and motivation;
• corrupt memory and learning abilities;
• weakening of the immune system;
• respiratory diseases such as lung and throat cancer, chronic bronchitis;
• psychological dependence.

Corticotropin

Short-term effects of use include:

• irritation of the stomach;
• stomach ulcers;
• irritability;
• infection;

Other side effects include:

• softening of the connective tissue;
• high blood sugar;
• lowered immunity to infections;
• weakening damaged tissue in the muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments;
• infection;
• osteoporosis;
• cataracts;
• water retention.

Diuretics

Some of the side effects of use include:

• fainting or loss of consciousness;
• dehydration;
• muscle cramps;
• drop in blood pressure;
• loss of coordination and balance;
• confusion, mental changes or variability in mood;
• heart problems.

Erythropoietin

There are some serious health risks:

• thick blood;
• increased risk of blood clots, heart attack;
• increased risk of infectious diseases such as hepatitis or AIDS;
• risk of auto immune reaction because antibody preparation can definitely destroy Erythropoietin, which is naturally produced by the body.

Gene Doping

Since most of the technologies in this area are at the experimental stage, long-term changes in the genetic material are unknown, though it has been reported many deaths during the experiment. Some potential side effects of gene doping:

• the development of cancer;
• allergy;
• metabolic dysfunction.

Glucocorticosteroids

When Glucocorticosteroids get into the blood stream, there are numerous side effects, including different systems of the body. Possible side effects of high doses include:

• fluid retention;
• increased susceptibility to infections;
• osteoporosis (abnormal bone damage, which leads to bone fragility and porosity);
• weakening of the damaged tissue in the muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments;
• imbalance in the nervous system, convulsions and muscle cramps;
• slowing or cessation of growth in young athletes;
• loss of muscle mass;
• heartburn, regurgitation, gastritis, ulcers;
• softening of the connective tissue (tendons and ligaments);
• changes of blood vessels, which may lead to the formation of blood clots;
• psychiatric disorders such as mood swings or insomnia.

Gonadotrophin

Gonadotropin stimulates the production of testosterone, the side effects may be similar to the side effects that occur when you use anabolic steroids. Other side effects include use of:

• pain in bones and joints;
• attacks of fever;
• decreased libido;
• impotence;
• allergic reactions and rashes;
• nausea;
• headache;
• irritation;
• digestive problems;
• irregular heartbeat;
• shortness of breath;
• loss of appetite;
• depression;
• tiredness;
• rapid increase in human growth.

Growth hormones and insulin intake

There are dangerous side effects associated with use of these drugs:

• shaking, sweating, restlessness;
• worsening of cardiovascular diseases;
• rapid development of tumors;
• abnormal enlargement of the heart;
• acceleration of osteoarthritis (chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints);
• excessive growth of internal organs, bones, ears, skin thickening, changing facial features, thickening and an increase in the fingers and toes;
• pain in muscles, joints and bones;
• excessive stress;
• diabetes in people predisposed to the disease;
• gigantism in young people (excessive growth of the skeleton).

Insulin

Side effects of the use of Insulin is not for medical purposes is very serious, and include low blood sugar, which in turn can lead to:

• fever;
• vomiting;
• weakness;
• shortness of breath;
• sleepiness;
• diseases of the pancreas;
• coma;
• disruption of brain death.

Narcotics

The use of drugs to reduce pain can be dangerous, as the substance is simply hiding the pain. With a deceptive sense of security caused by the drug, the user can ignore the potentially serious damage, and to continue to lead an active life, risking further complications or permanent problems. Additionally, other drugs have side effects:

• Slow breathing;
• slow heart rate;
• drowsiness;
• loss of balance, coordination and concentration;
• suppression of the respiratory system, and death;
• euphoria;
• nausea and vomiting;
• constipation;
• physical and psychological dependence.

Stimulants and Analeptic

The use of stimulants can cause a serious cardiovascular and psychological problems, as well as others:

• overheating of the body;
• dry mouth;
• increased and irregular heartbeat;
• high blood pressure;
• dehydration;
• increased risk of stroke, arrhythmia and heart attack;

Stimulants may also bring to the relationship.

• visual disturbances;
• problems with coordination and balance;
• agitation and aggression;
• insomnia;
• weight loss;
• tremor (involuntary shudder of the body).