Ampakines - Renovation Nootropics

The world is changing, the development of 10-15 years old: mobile phones, computers, cars already seem archaic. But in medicine are no such growth. Our project examines the work of the brain, we do reviews on nootropics, ie drugs and additives that improve its performance. Unfortunately, many have already wildly out of date, not been established even in this century. Fortunately also, according to the logic, if everything is subject to change, the longer some part does not change, the more likely that it will happen soon. Approximately 7-10 years ago, a new class of nootropics - Ampakines. Perhaps this class just a marketing ploy, maybe not. The idea is very promising!

What are Ampakines?

Ampakines are called the whole group of nootropics, which increase efficiency of neurotransmitters. Ie, they are not similar to any other stimulating or soothing substances that work or the production of neurotransmitters, or by blocking (inhibiting) their re-uptake.

The primary neurotransmitter used Ampakines - glutamate. On it will be a separate detailed story, for this article will be enough information that glutamate accelerates signaling between neurons. If little glutamate - predisposition to schizophrenia and poor memory in the future. But a lot is too bad.

How do they work?

To make it easier to understand the work at the level of the actual effects of what is going on, there are some antidepressants are best understood. They can modulate serotonin activity, they enhance its effect on the receptors. Man is not loaded "artificial" serotonin, does not overload the body, but it makes more efficient use and, as a result of coming out of a difficult situation.

Ampakines also modulate the activity of glutamate, which will force to think quickly (it will be useful brakes))). As will be slight stimulation in the body tone. Neurotransmitters are produced in the former regime. The effect of some antidepressants like - like nothing happens to the body, but the mood is better, kind of like Ampakines also do not break the system, but the brain works better.

In details

• 1.Glutamate is produced in a single neuron and binds to proteins that are on the surface of the 2nd, receptors - "doors" in the second neuron. There are a number of glutamate receptors, but they are similar or are NMDA and AMPA receptors. Both of these receptor thoroughly participate at training.

Thus, AMPA-receptors. To understand how they work, you need to understand the terminology and terms much, and when they were all in a heap, it is scary) In fact, if you break all the elements in the complex, then everything will become clear.

There are some elements, potassium ions, calcium, magnesium and sodium (those minerals from mineral water), let the potassium ions are inside the neuron, and all the rest - between neurons. It is a state of rest. But then it passes an electrical pulse which releases glutamate from one neuron and the fast flying and the second is attached to the NMDA and AMPA-receptor. Glutamate like expanding these receptors. So that sodium permeates the neuron in the second, and vice versa potassium exits. All this is called depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron. It produces more current.

In fact, it is the transmission of nerve impulses, the greater the depolarization occurs - the signals are transmitted more quickly. You can use Mildronate.
There is a hypothesis, that our short-term memory - a memory ionic and ionic structures are destroyed quickly. The stronger depolarization - the better short-term memory.

AMPA receptors polarize all! But their problem is that they work initially weak, if not a huge need.

Any element such as magnesium, it reduces the sodium and potassium conductance in NMDA-receptors, it soothes bit, and if holds, only calcium).

However, calcium is able to have the inside of the neuron to strengthen the action of the AMPA-receptor and, moreover, give the command body for the construction of new AMPA receptors (via the protein kinase), as well as makes the previous neuron restart glutamate. So that NMDA receptors are far from useless.

Just repeat the sequence: the nerve impulse releases glutamate, it is attached to the receptors, "opening" them, there is a depolarization of micronutrients as a result - the resting state becomes opposite.

• 2.Enhanced expression of BDNF gene and protein. It is believed that long-term memory - is the construction of the neurons and their binding protein structures, ie receptors.

BDNF gene is responsible for the maximum extension of the life of nerve cells and for the construction, creation of new ones. Biomechanics of its action can be as simple as saying that this gene is "orders" the nerve cells in the production of BDNF protein structures, to protect these same cells.

This protein can be increased artificially, there are precise data that BDNF concentration increases after physical exercise, and not somewhere in the cerebellum (movement coordination), and in the hippocampus, responsible for higher functions of the brain. Any amendment and to training, they should not be too stressful, stress hormones choke BDNF.

Ampakines: Specific representatives

• Glutamate. Directly associated with the NMDA and AMPA receptors.
• Group CX: CX-516, the CX-717 ... Unfortunately or fortunately their market yet, there were some differences with the FDA - is something the Ministry of Health in the US, where referred to the possible toxicity of these drugs. One way or another, but the company keeps a closely guarded secret formula for its latest Ampakines, or, most likely, the Chinese have secretly sold tons of these drugs. Some of the CX, you can already buy for English queries, but may be fake.
• Piracetam / Aniracetam / Oxiracetam / Pramiracetam / Phenylpiracetam / Levetiracetam / Fasoracetam / Nebracetam /. It's all positive allosteric modulators, in short, they facilitate depolarization by AMPA receptors. You can buy it without any problems.
• LY group. The main potential competitors CX. Something has to be found in Internet, but then again, whether it will be.
• Sunifiram / Unifiram. This is quite significant nootropics-apmakines partly stimulants for action reminiscent of caffeine, sold almost everywhere.
• Idra-21. According to the degree of availability between Racetames LY and CX and groups against counterfeiting are not perfect, ie, you can get it, and even the choice will be.

Bottom Line:

•  Ampakines really promising type of nootropics. Their problem is that everyone is talking about them! In addition, they did not come on the market. In people's expectations are high, but in reality it may be that Ampakines will be slightly stronger than any racetam.
• Work through Ampakines effect on BDNF and AMPA receptors, "opening up" these receptors, under the influence of glutamate, there is depolarization, and accelerating the transfer of electrical impulses.
• Ampakines: good old racetam new group CX, LY, Idra-21 and Sunifiram / Unifiram.