Altai Neanderthals

About Neanderthal child, Denisova Cave and the fact of hybridization. When the first Neanderthal remains have been found? Where living representatives of this species? As there was migration of Neanderthals in the Altai territory? And how influenced ideas about the origin of modern human remains in the Denisova Cave?

In 2007, in the journal Nature published an article by a large group of authors, which reported on the extraction of Neanderthal DNA, which differs greatly according to the type of the DNA of modern man, and the DNA fragment was extracted from bones found in the cave of the Altai. And a few fragments of human bones there was found in 1984, and, judging by the context of these finds, first of all refers to the period about 40,000 years ago by stone tools that were found there, the settlement of the cave, maybe even earlier.

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Even before World War II British expedition made a very high-profile opening in caves in Israel. And particularly in the Tabun Cave was excavated the skeleton of a female, which is associated with Neanderthals, too, and it appears today that the closest analogy to this anatomical Altai population is in Israel. That is, it turns out that a very long way had to undergo these people to get into the territory.

The fact is that during the excavation of Denisova cave is very fragmentary finds were discovered - two teeth and one small bone, which belonged to a child of about 5 -7 years. In collaboration with the laboratory of the German Max Planck Institute succeeded in isolating DNA from the child's bones. Initially, it appeared that this bone belonged to a girl, and the girl turned out to be the owner of a unique relic of the genome, that is, we are talking about people who lived in southern Siberia about 50,000 years ago, and their ancestors, if based on the data of archeology, came to the area about 300 thousand years ago. But it turned out that the relic gene that has been identified, that is, that the structure of mitochondrial DNA suggests that the common ancestor of these "denisovans" as they are called by analogy with Neanderthals lived about a million years ago.