Work of Genes - Interaction of Macromolecules

Microbiologist says about complementarity principle, the shape of biological molecules and protein stability. Which molecules called macromolecules? On what is the principle of complementarity? What role does the shape of biological molecules?

We are composed of special molecules called macromolecules because they are very large (for example, proteins or nucleic acids). The interaction of these molecules with each other to a large extent determines our behavior and the behavior of our cells. If we really want to get to the bottom of things, we have to go to that level of interacting molecules and understand what is happening there. It is such, on the one hand, almost a school or university level, but actually understanding how interactions occur, which are responsible for everything we do in modern biology by and large do not.

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Understanding the biological molecules have some form and that form is essential for their function, it is fairly recent. It arose as a result of the development of crystallography, when scientists learned how to get the structure of molecules in three dimensions. For example, a protein - a chain of amino acids. Let's say you have a chain consisting of links, even different, and if you just toss this chain into the air and it falls to the ground, then every time you do it, you will obtain different configurations. Those forms that chain will be different. With biological molecules is not the case, and all or nearly all of the protein molecules curl up in a certain way, the chain becomes a three-dimensional shape, and these shapes are all very similar to each other. What happens at the end, it has a certain surface, which has a special outline. Proteins themselves consist of amino acids that may have positive or negative charges and one or the other to interact efficiently or, conversely, not interact with water. This is called the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface regions. It turns out almost always in the cage there is another molecule that has a complementary pattern of positive / negative charge and hydrophilic / hydrophobic bonds, and these two molecules may be contacted with each other, just like the yin and yang. Moreover, the more complex the shape, the more the interactions performed on the surface that connects two molecules, the stronger will be the final complex.

All biological important molecules are metastable, they have a shape which at a certain exposure may vary. For example, when we have a fever, many of our proteins simply change their three-dimensional shape, which is why we have a mass of any problems. This occurs because the temperature has risen three degrees. Why is this happening? Because the folded protein molecule maintains a certain structure due to intramolecular interactions, positive and negative charges, which attract.