Why coffee invigorates?

Physiologist speaks about soft psychomotor stimulants, a reasonable rate of caffeine and adenosine receptors.

Coffee - it is an Ethiopian plant and raw coffees, which we call Arabica grows at an altitude of about 1000 meters. Ethiopian residents use coffee berries as a means of invigorating. In the XII century the Arabs who came to Ethiopia, guessed that the coffee should be rubbed into powder, pour hot water and drink the broth. In the XV century there was a commercial explosion, began to open coffee houses (the first appeared in Istanbul). In the XVII century the first coffee house in Europe. And at first some thought that coffee is harmful, but gradually the drink began to play an increasingly important role in everyday life.

Coffee helps a person in an emergency, though, if you look, the caffeine itself does not carry energy. Caffeine only makes our body more fully and deeply (often - unnecessarily deep) used is present in the cells of the stock of ATP - molecules decay which leads to the release of energy.

Adenosine - a substance which is part of the DNA, RNA, and adenosine-3-phosphate (ATP). Adenosine K ATP molecule when attached phosphates (in the form of small chains arranged in series). In the cytoplasm of cells can break away from the phosphates of ATP, and each residue of phosphoric acid - is the portion of the energy that is transferred proteins. ATP can be thought of as a triply gun in which three phosphate bullets. This gun can shoot a maximum of three times, each time getting on the protein molecules and causing them to perform a specific job. If the gun is completely discharged, it turns out ATP, adenosine.

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The emergence of adenosine in the tissues and cells - is a signal of their serious fatigue and exhaustion of energy reserves. And almost all of our body's cells have the adenosine receptors, inhibiting intracellular processes. When fatigue and the appearance of adenosine heart muscle begins to work less, and many smooth muscle in the walls of the internal organs, especially blood vessels, relax. In the nervous system level, we also feel fatigue.

If you block adenosine receptors, it is possible to remove the subjective feeling of fatigue. Adenosine receptor antagonists are finally groups of psychomotor stimulants. Psychomotor stimulants class includes potent compounds such as the amphetamine and much softer products - adenosine receptor antagonists. The latter include caffeine and theophylline similar to it - a substance which is contained in the cocoa and chocolate.

Molecules like adenosine and caffeine. When caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, sense of fatigue weakens, and the body begins to use the ATP stocks which are usually kept for a rainy day. That is why the background of caffeine for most people there is courage, there is the influx of forces. But the problem is that energy and psychomotor stimulants, as well as a cup of coffee, do not carry their own power. They only make us tired to a deeper level. And this creates the risk that the person will then need to rest and recover long, otherwise it will fall into a state of chronic fatigue, nervous exhaustion.

In addition to coffee, caffeine sources are also plants such as guarana, and cola nuts. They contain about as much caffeine as in coffee beans. A cup of coffee, we find about 100 mg of caffeine in a cup of strong tea - 2-3 times less. Whole milk chocolate, as well as the 0.5 liter Coca-Cola beverage roughly equal in effect a cup of strong coffee. Caffeine - the most popular psychoactive drug in the world; There are no restrictions on the sale of caffeine-containing products. Caffeine is actively involved in human life in the form of tea, coffee, chocolate. There are also drinks containing cola nut extract. The most famous brand is Coca-Cola, which in the initial formulation contained not only caffeine, but the coca leaf extract (1886). But then the cook from a recipe brought, and cola nuts left. So now the most invigorating, "refreshing" effect of Coca-Cola is based on caffeine (or even on a huge dose of sugar).

Maximum reasonable rate of caffeine - 300 mg per day. If you go over this limit, you risk to overdo it and get a cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, gradually formed addiction and dependence. Caffeine - a competitor of adenosine, and if you constantly work on caffeine cells, they start increasing the number of adenosine receptors. As a result, there is a sense of fatigue easier and caffeine dose must be increased ( "addiction"), and you try to give up caffeine dramatically human condition significantly deteriorates ( "dependence"; drowsiness, depression, headache). Thus, although many Caffeine seems harmless substance, in high doses, it behaves as a weak narcotic drug.