What is the humoral regulation?

The biologist Dr. Doping speaks about the benefits of humoral regulation to nervous function norepinephrine and types of hormone receptors.

Why is there a humoral regulation - regulation by substances dissolved in liquids? Why not restrict the nervous regulation?

If living things are the result of the act of creation, and the hormones would not be. All machines and devices, designed and created by man, regulatory circuits consist only of mechanical parts and electrical circuits. None of the artifact, the product of human activity, there is no system of regulation by means of chemicals that would be distributed throughout the unit, and to alter the activity of a particular node. But living organisms - the product of evolution. The first living creatures appeared in the water, and their livelihoods regulated chemicals dissolved in the environment, partly penetrating inside a living cell and develops inside the cell. These substances can not be called regulators hormones, but the principle of regulation by means of substances dissolved in liquids, ie, humoral regulation, appeared simultaneously with the emergence of life on Earth. Before the transmission of information via nerve cells was still a billion years.

It should be noted that the division of the nervous and humoral regulation of probation. The nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron and on the Executive cell with chemicals, which we call transmitters, or mediators. Moreover, the nerves are not suited to every cell. The endings of nerve cells "service" entire groups of cells: a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings distributed interstitial fluid. Or, for example, the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, released in the walls of capillaries in muscle tissue and spreads through the bloodstream, acting in the role of this hormone. (You can buy Adrenaline (Epinephrine) injection, Prednisolon, Dexamethasone injection).

What distinguishes the humoral regulation of nerve? Hormones are substances secreted by specialized cells throughout the body through the bloodstream and interact with target cells. It becomes clear fundamental differences of nervous and humoral regulation. First, the nerve signal direction and humoral - no. The regulation of contractile activity of skeletal muscle is possible, of course, only by means of the nervous system - otherwise provide subtle movements of our fingers, tongue, lips, vocal cords? But when you need to increase, for example, delivery of glucose to all cells of the body, hormones to cope with this task remarkably effective. Second, the nerve signal fast and humoral - slow. Some changes in the environment require an immediate response, while others - not. And, thirdly, the humoral signals a long and nerve - short. Some of the changes in the environment require persistent changes in the activity of the whole organism or individual systems, and in these cases the nervous humoral regulation effectively.

It should be stressed that the fact that the nervous regulation of humoral much younger in evolutionary terms, it does not follow that evolution is aimed at reducing the role of humoral regulation, in particular the role of hormones, and increasing the role of the nervous regulation. Humoral regulation is complicated in the course of evolution. In fish, the same hormone performs a variety of functions, each of which in mammals appeared specialized hormones. In the course of evolution, it increases the amount of hormone receptor types and complicated gistogematicalkie barriers.

In conclusion, the engineering thought did not realize until just principle of humoral regulation of functions. Many other achievements of evolution has not yet been used in the art. For example, all electrical devices operate on the principle "incl. / Off.", Zero or one. A nervous system in living organisms there braking process. By the way, we appreciate Ivan Sechenov not its materialistic views, as is often written in the textbooks, and for the discovery of the process of central inhibition. It can be assumed that the establishment of the brake circuits will significantly increase the effectiveness of cybernetic systems.