The origin of Homo sapiens

Anthropologist tells problems of dating, African humanity and the concept of volcanic winter. What are the data about the time of Homo sapiens? What kind of lifestyle led Homo sapiens 200,000 years ago? How it influenced the development of the culture of ancient man Toba eruption of the volcano? And how the output of Homo sapiens out of Africa?

Since 200 thousand years, mankind in Africa has undergone several ups and downs. Now the story is rather poorly known, is a great scope for research, and it is actively involved. According to genetic studies, there were several "bottlenecks"; the number of them controversial - often converge on the genetics of the two. There are different versions of the reason why this happened. One of the widely developed - the concept of the so-called volcanic winter.

About 73 thousand years ago on the island of Sumatra erupted Toba volcano - one of the most spectacular eruptions in the history of the planet. Half of the planet covered with huge ash layers. And what is more painful, ash clouds closed the sky. The amount of ultraviolet radiation has fallen sharply, down photosynthesis. An ecological disaster. In Asia, it was total. Africa is far away, the Indian Ocean - a large space, but along the coast of Africa traces of tufa from the eruption is quite thorough. And, characteristically, at this time, many caves, such as in South Africa revealed a sterile layer, that is, up to this point, people lived, then a few thousand years in a row did not live, then live again. It is clear that the population has fallen sharply. For brain improvement people nootropics: Picamilon, Nootropil, Cogitum, Cerebrolysin, Phenotropil and Semax.

In the interval from 80 to 40 thousand years ago - is a specific figure is not obvious - people once again began to go beyond Africa. Before that they were getting out several times: there were Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal, "denisovtsy" and others. Traces of this release in the last few years were found in the Arabian Peninsula; more - Jebel Faya and others - in a place where the same are found stone tools in Africa, but not like in the Middle East, where Neanderthals lived.