The genetic history of humans and the present

The biologist Dr. Doping tells about on the Y-chromosome, mitochondrial DNA and accumulation of mutations.How growing world population? How do scientists study the genetic history of mankind? When and how were the first to read the full genome?

Perhaps now everyone knows that human genetic roots in Africa. That's where our ancestors lived about 150-200 million years ago. These dating change, there are new methods and new data. As genetic diversity of modern human population ancestral population that lived in Africa, estimated at 10-30 thousand people.

Settling studied by analyzing human DNA by using two specific region of the genome: the mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome. All other chromosomes are mixed, and mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome is passed without stirring, so for them it is easier to restore the history and track the accumulation of mutations. Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin injection - is essential for DNA making.

All the mitochondrial DNA of living people converge to a single ancestor - mitochondrial Eve, who lived according to the latest estimates of 180 thousand years ago. If you build a tree on the Y-chromosome to all of humanity, we will get a convergence of modern lines in the general field. And the first is division of humanity into African and non-African lines.