Phenibut Discussion. Part-1

The most interesting IMHO nootrop today, however, and the corresponding price

By way of introduction - information from the radar:
Gamma-amino-beta-phenylbutyric acid hydrochloride. Description of the active substance

Therapeutic - anxiolytics
Nootropic (neurometabolic stimulants)

The nosological classification (ICD-10)

F10.3 abstinence
F11 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of opioids
F40.2 Specific
F41.0 Panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety]
F41.1 Generalized anxiety disorder
F41.2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
F48.0 Neurasthenia
F51.1 Drowsiness [hypersomnia] inorganic etiology
F63 Disorders habits and instincts
F95 Teaks
F98.0 Enuresis inorganic nature
F98.5 Stuttering [hesitation]
G47.0 Disorders of falling asleep and maintaining sleep [insomnia]
H81.0 Ménière's Disease
H81.9 Violation of vestibular function, unspecified
H83.0 Labyrinthitis
R32 Urinary incontinence unspecified
R42 Dizziness and disturbance stability
R45.1 Restlessness and agitation
R53 Malaise and fatigue
Z100 CLASS XXII Surgical practice
Latin name
Gamma-amino-beta-phenylbutirate hydrochloride
chemical name
gamma-beta-Amino-phenylbutyric acid hydrochloride
Gross - C10H14ClNO2.HCl
Characteristic
The white crystalline powder. It is very easily soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, pH water (2.5%) solution was 2.3-2.7.

The chemical structure can be seen as a phenyl derivative of GABA, as well as a phenylethylamine derivative.
Pharmacology
Mode of action - nootropic, anxiolytic. Influences on GABA receptors in the central nervous system, facilitate GABAergic neurotransmission, improves the bioenergetic processes in the brain. It eliminates tension, restlessness, anxiety, fear, and improves sleep; It extends and enhances the action of hypnotics and antipsychotics, narcotic analgesics. Reduces the symptoms of fatigue and vasovegetative symptoms (including headache, a feeling of heaviness in the head, insomnia, irritability, emotional lability), enhances mental performance; improves attention, memory, speed and accuracy of sensorimotor reactions. When fatigue improves mood, increases interest and motivation activities. Extends latency and reduces the duration and severity of nystagmus.

Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract - a tall, well into all tissues, and the BBB (in brain tissue found around 0.1% of the administered dose, people young and old - much more). It is metabolized primarily in the liver (80-95%) to pharmacologically inactive metabolites. Approximately 5% is excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Not accumulates.
Application
Asthenic syndrome, anxiety and neurotic states (worry, anxiety, fear), obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep disorder, psychopathy, premedication before surgery, otogenny labyrinthitis, vestibular disorders infectious, traumatic and vascular genesis, including Meniere's disease, vertigo, alcohol withdrawal syndrome (in the complex therapy), the prevention of motion sickness when kinetoses; children - stuttering, tics, enuresis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity.
Restrictions apply
Erosive and ulcerative gastrointestinal damage, pregnancy, lactation.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding
The caution (not enough clinical experience). In experimental studies found no mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic action.
Side effects
Drowsiness, nausea (with the first receptions), allergic reactions, hepatotoxicity (with prolonged high doses - 7-14 g).
Interaction
Enhance and prolong the effect of hypnotic and antiparkinsonian agents, neuroleptics and narcotic analgesics.
Overdose
Symptoms: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, hepatic steatosis (receiving more than 7 g), eosinophilia, hypotension, renal dysfunction.

The most unusual drug for pharmacological effects - it is a tranquilizer with elements of nootropic activity, it nootrop with elements of anxiolytic action. That Phenibut has muscle relaxant action - it is not, etc. Particularly interesting effects that cause the drug in a mixture of stimulants and drugs, CNS depressants.

When the Soviet Union I was in the medical library read enough volumetric book called "nootropics," if I am not mistaken - VERY long been the case, but if there is "old" in this forum on Nootropics in particular, I ask you to respond about this book - I did then studied the surface, and there were a lot of interesting things. I beg you to give a link to download it! In this book the basic "classic" nootropics (Aminalon, vinpocetine, piracetam, Phenibutum, Pantogamum), describes the differences in the effects of certain medications, and more.

Phenibut is interesting and extremely chemically and medically - is very interesting drug, which is worth special attention.

Action phenibut and its para-chloro-derivative - baclofen, bind, as I have already written to competitive blocking of enzymes, regulating the concentration of GABA as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system - the underlying mechanisms at most explains the muscle relaxant properties of both drugs (while baclofen being a strong agonist of GABA B receptors expressed exhibits properties of the central muscle relaxant, keeping, however, the properties of a tranquilizer, and some nootropic, Phenibutum something quite different in this respect from baclofen).
Phenibut chemically can be regarded as a derivative of GABA, with the phenyl radical in the beta position, and as a phenethylamine derivative containing beta position carboxymethyl group. It explains how the "bipolarity action, and many other aspects.

If we have the average person with an average weight, health, etc., and if he drink away the course phenibut in moderate doses, you get the following picture - in the first two or three days will be relaxed, sleepy night (not at all), along with rapid reduction of headaches caused stress and the disappearance of fatigue, apathy, against the backdrop of improving the overall mood; on the fourth or fifth day is usually felt energizing effect of the drug, and in the evening is not always possible to sleep (!), at the end of a two-week course will be an active person, easily carrying a stressful situation and in a good mood. This dose range 0.25 g to 2.3 p / d and 0.5 g. overnight. I exaggerate, but I hope that the basic idea don¸s - first goes up to the sedation sleepiness, and then it is replaced by activating and actually neuroprotective effect. And the point here is this: pharm action of phenibut is dose-dependent, that is, if you plan to use the drug as a nootropic, the necessary dosage of about 0.25g three times a day, and literally in the first days of this nootropic, special for phenibut, the effect is noticeable, however, there may be problems with falling asleep - a few days later, the body adapts to the drug, and clearly traced antiastenicheskoe, psycho-energizing, nootropic effect with some blood pressure effect. Note that Phenibut characterized dopamine-positive properties (as derived PEA), and in some cases it can be used in parkinsonism; nootropic and antiastenic action of phenibut at these doses is very pronounced, it has served as IMHO the impetus for the creation of a substituted lactam phenibut - phenotropil that demonstrates Inog effects phenibut in a more expanded form: wink: Often, at the end of the first and the second week of reception phenotropil can observe increased activity and in some cases - insomnia. This is Phenibutum-nootrop, and now we'll see what Phenibutum tranquilizer.

At doses of 0.25 and three times per day at night before 0,75g 0,5 g three times a day and at night 0,5-0,75g formulation exhibits properties quite good tranquilizer weak muscle relaxant properties (phenibut anticonvulsant activity manifested at higher doses and relieving seizures caused by some drugs, but not for epilepsy), but at the same time without muscle relaxation and the deterioration of cognitive functions, and to improve them, which is important. You can see some effects similar to GHB - pronounced anti-hypoxic, relaxing and enhancing libido. Phenibut tranquilizing effect is a distinct dose-dependent, and many doctors and patients is unknown, they often complain about the stimulating effect of the drug. Tranquilizing properties Phenibutum shows a dose 1500-2000 mg or more per day, and in addition, it should be noted that this action quickly develop a tolerance, that is, if the treatment gave positive results in small doses, and then replaced by an activating effect, the dosage during the testimony should be enhanced - if Phenibutum again becomes tranquillizer.

But in Psychiatry and Addiction Phenibutum - very valuable but expensive tool.

Phenibutum - it is a tranquilizer with elements of nootropic activity, and in recent years, due to its pronounced antiastenicheskimi, antihypoxic, anti-oxidant, etc. properties svoysvennymi neuroprotective drugs, it is regarded as nootrop with anxiolytic effects. The drug is taken shortly before the meal three times a day, but the dosage will vary depending on what drug is assigned: a tranquilizer for complex treatment of alcohol withdrawal Phenibutum taken at 0.5 grams before meals thrice daily, followed reception bedtime 0 75 grams of the drug. The course in this case is no more than two or three weeks. Like its a substituted lactam Phenotropil, Phenibutum should be strictly specified time, and under the control of liver function and peripheral blood. What is a "positive effect" in your understanding? On the drug often react as anti-asthenic means with anxiolytic activity when taking the drug for a long time, at doses which pleases, etc. With adequate appointment, and if this necessity ect, doctor may prescribe this drug as an antianxiety drug with nootropic activity course in two weeks. Since the drug is not apt to cause a pronounced euphoria and act differently from the database, of course, "perfect," as people sometimes want healthy, it will not function as well as blood pressure and many other PLC. Here we are talking about the treatment, and if your sluchpe there asthenia, then Phenibutum will provide anti-asthenic action with a trigger action. When the drug is given doctor, the history is taken into account, the previous reaction to various drugs, condition, etc. of today, and on the basis of the received data assigned agent. Phenibut - it's not BAD per day, and its mechanism of action is quite complicated - if there is some pathology, etc., he can do things differently. Healthy people drug is given as an adaptogen, and in smaller doses - whereas in the early days can be tranquilization, and after a couple of days - psycho-energizing effect.

Typically, as a tranquilizer OTC and day, appointed mebicar - a drug that affects many structures, but often "patients", ie people who are looking at the pharmacy for something such, that here gave such effect that they want, do not prefer any mebicar sometimes abused Phenibut, not realizing that even at a dose of 5 grams of the drug does not give effect database.

If the drug is taken as an anti-asthenic means, it is the action had, just like poknige - the early days - a tranquilizing pronounced effect sleepiness sometimes, and then - develop animastenic and nootropic effects, and dose escalation may temporarily give strengthening tranquillisation, but then It acts as psihoenergizator. What YOU want? OTC tranquilizer? Mebicar and Phenibutum - they, but many anxiolytic effects of these drugs can not subjectively marked, although there are.

Phenibutum and Phenotropil - a special PLC? the first is a substituted in the beta position Namco and Phenotropil - its a substituted lactam. These PLC should be used as needed, even if subjectively felt all the processes that occur in the body when taking these drugs: Phenotropil most active at single reception after eating before the upcoming difficult task, and is effective the first three days, then his profile completely changes, It appears marked anorectic effect similar to that of amphetamines and irritating, adversely affecting the psyche, so to use it you need to, respectively, but no increase in dose, or else do not turn Phenotropil to amphetamine, the "perfect" psychostimulant with narcogene potential. Phenibut - means a much safer, but has a very clear tranquilizing effect, and I know people who have abused them, and which need then to treatment. That class of drugs, prop that you can often hear a variety of responses: Hidazepam, Grandaxinum, Mebicar, Phenibutum - partly because tranquilizing effect he expressed quite strongly, and Phenibutum is drunk short two-week course, sometimes longer, and often the attending physician determines the course, and dosage per day, and, in fact, a doctor sees whether there is a need for Phenibut, or another person, or not. I repeat that Phenibutum - is not Sibazon and "perfect" can not be as a tranquilizer, it's nosology indispensable part of medicine in old age and in psychiatry and addiction if used, is in the final stages in combination with more effective drugs - it potentiates PLC action of many, particularly the database and can be used together with them, thus decreasing the dosing regimen, not only often without loss of activity, but along with its increase. This drug is not for nothing that is worth so much, and I would not want it to become again "a tranquilizer on which they sit." I have studied some of the mechanisms of its action and is often seen different reactions to monotherapy - one missing 2 pills a day, while others do not even feel the effect, at a time when there were objectively perceivable change. Some were looking for in tianeptine "cure-all", and we know to what it led to, while others do not spare money for sibutramine in different dosage forms to enhance the mood and eliminate alleged depression (sibutramine - it's SIOZSiN), and this led to the fact that in Russia is now easy with the drug - it is by losing weight.

How to treat Phenibut you? I do not know, I did not see much in the WHOLE time you accept already, and what is the exchange rate on the account, although very often hear the same thing from many: "I started to take as read. The effect has been a good, used a week but suddenly the action not what it became, "when in practice it turns out that quite healthy (or not quite healthy) people accept everything, read what it is for them simply, and took, and blood pressure, and the funds and other and did not say that there is in practice. Then the answer is simple: Your individual response to Phenibutum longer as activating the drug and consult a doctor who needs to know everything, and that will determine what you need to PLC, and whether it is necessary. It's easy! PLC appoint a doctor, based on the examination of the patient.

If there is a hedonic effect, even analginum abuse - there is such a word. Phenibut - it is an expensive drug, so not everything is terrible, as you write - "indiscriminate abuse" No PLC is sold without a prescription. And the reaction of each individual, especially in drug addicts - it Phenibutum - a tranquilizer in the USSR! Later we realized that there is no especially terrible and became Phenibutum nootropic component with a tranquilizing - some really reinforce their action of amphetamine, but it is a unit - the drug can impair the action of both stimulants and opioids, eg. Then, the effect from the drug dose-dependent - if you drink one tablet three times a day - it will first tranquilizer, and will soon stimulate and can cause insomnia, so as a tranquilizer Phenibutum administered with a gradual increase in dose - maximum can be 2 tablets three times a day and three tablets at night. At these doses prevails tranquilizing effect, and against the background of this would be strengthening CNS depressants but strengthen amphetamines, etc. it will not be - only a few have resorted to this method, and drug addicts as "withdrawal" that can take Phenibutum equine doses - then there will be addiction, though weak, but will be - to treat her fairly easily replaced for a while by another PLC and performing adequate psychotherapy. This is not "strongly narcogene preparation", and the list does not even - it's just become extreme now - with no database, drug addicts resort to this tranquilizer, and there are a lot of similarities with GHB, which is now controlled, and less PE than in the database. I am 12 years saw alcoholics, neurotics, and even drug addicts drank Phenibutum in tranquilizing dose, and then gradually reduce the dose, and did without problems. Never seen depending on Phenibut FOR 20 YEARS, but I know that they now have, but not all "sitting" on it - a lot of "pure minds" them, because he is the most quiet of all nootropics, though as nootrop not very active - I remind you that its a substituted lactam Phenotropil (carphedon) - it is something similar to the "progenitor" Phenibut, means, but is much more powerful in terms of simulation and is an adaptogen-psycho-energizer instead of a nootropic, as they say - nootropnye elements he expressed in early action, and after a while there comes the excitement and other PE - nobody did not say that it is a drug carphedon. And now he is in the world already " Phenotropil " began. Upon graduation reception Phenotropil nootropic effects disappear very quickly, and he carphedon - a powerful dopamine-positive drug, and even moved in his time as the blood pressure, but many PE not let it happen, and it is the replacement meclofenoxate etc. Stimulants-nootropics mixed type.

Phenibut same - this is a very old medicine, and he devoted a lot of work, and the ICD-10, it is capable of much. It is not narcogene drug - it will be abused in some cases as an effective tranquilizer, and an excellent alternative to the DB. Doses tranquilizer for phenibut lie within 1500mg, 2000mg. At therapeutic doses, it is indispensable medicine and one of the nootropics that does not give hyperstimulation if the right dose is chosen. A misuse - is pure medicine craze - like fluoxetine and other pharmaceutical preparations "sit" many fans to be far from reality. It has always been and always find your. A more alarming fact depending on Prozac, and paroxetine - there's really scary. Phenibut, many doctors do not know how to use and prescribe the wrong dose very often, not having studied the drug, and in the hands of a drug addict any medication would become abused, but there is more good than harm, but spoils the digestive tract, liver and blood - do not know "Phenibutors" , they do not know what the drug as a tranquilizer very active and had once been used for sedation, but most addicts just take Phenibutum as "calm nootrop". With long-term consumption of high doses and abrupt cessation quickly manifest fatigue, bad mood, etc. effects - if you reduce the dose gradually, it will be no problems, but then again - this is a very rare case and narcogene Phenibutum drug is not, can not be said about some of the blood pressure.

Alas, Phenotropil aka carphedon - banned worldwide doping - it's not nootrop and adaptogen-neurometabolic stimulant, has a mild narcotic effect. Once the connection has been received, "nootropic" effect is greater in the stimulating effect during the first days of taking the drug, and therefore the powerful drug of its kind was embedded in military medicine and space exploration to people in difficult conditions to adapt to stress more quickly. But even there he did not catch on, and "down to earth", becoming a fixture in addicts who use it to "restore the brain after drugs" - the first few days is very strongly felt euphoria, stimulation and elements of nootropic activity, but after a week there are PE , which beats any real nootrop - anorexia, aggression, insomnia, dysphoria, and mental disorders - a constant companions "phenotropil course", so it is used as doping during exams, and as a means of facilitating the "comedown" from all kinds of surfactant. Nootropic effects are in the early days of admission, and soon turned into PE and carphedon addicts nicknamed "Animalin" as those who drank it for a long time (30 or more pills)), were shocked by the condition that occurs when taking carphedon. "Phenotropil" is replaced Acephenam etc. psychostimulants with elements of nootropic activity. For the drug addicts will give all the money when you need to recover quickly after taking a heavy, genuine drugs.