Osteoporosis

Depression of density and disturbance of structure of a bone tissue is characteristic of an osteoporosis that leads to fractures already at insignificant injuries. Fractures of bodies of vertebrae, a distal part radial and necks femoral bones are most often observed though because of the general fragility of skeleton fractures of other long tubular bones and ribs are frequent.

In the developed countries the osteoporosis at elderly becomes more and more urgent medical problem. It is accepted to distinguish primary and secondary osteoporosis. The secondary osteoporosis develops at general diseases or owing to reception of such medicines as glucocorticoids and Phenytoinum. The most successful way of fight against the secondary osteoporosis is elimination of its reason. However its development is the cornerstone of the same disturbances of updating processes of bone tissue, as at primary osteoporosis; therefore treatment in both cases can be identical.

In 1948 Albright and Reyfenstein came to a conclusion that primary osteoporosis can be a consequence of two independent reasons: depressions of level of estrogens in post menopause and aging. This point of view was supported by Riggs and coworkers. (Riggs et al., 1982) which suggested to distinguish an osteoporosis like I, or post climacteric is loss of spongiform substance of bones at women because of deficiency of estrogens in post menopause and osteoporosis like II, or senile, characterized by loss of both compact, and spongiform osteal substance at men and women because of insufficient efficiency of updating of a bone tissue throughout life, an incomplete delivery and age activation of parathyroid glands. However it isn't proved yet that these states really differ. Besides, the offered scheme doesn't consider that deficiency of mass of a bone tissue can be bound to disturbance of formation of a skeleton during body height. Though at many women loss of mass of a bone tissue after a menopause undoubtedly accelerates, post climacteric osteoporosis, perhaps, it is more correct to consider result of influence of a set of physical and hormonal factors, and also nutrition features.

Structure of bones

Bones are updated with an unequal speed and therefore it makes sense to consider separately bones of an additional skeleton and an axial skeleton. About 80% of all mass of a bone tissue fall to the share of bones of an additional skeleton; they consist mainly of compact substance. Bones of an axial skeleton, for example vertebras, under a thin layer of compact substance contain a lot of spongy substance. Spongy substance consists of closely bound bone plates (trabeculas) reminding bee honeycombs. Between trabeculas there are marrow and fat. For a number of reasons changes of updating of a bone tissue first of all and most deeply affect bones of an axial skeleton. The matter is that processes of updating proceed on the surface of bones, and the surface area of spongy substance is more, than compact. Besides, the marrowy cages predecessors participating in updating of a bone in spongy substance settle down very close to a surface of trabeculas.

Mass of bone tissue

Density of a bone tissue and risk of changes at advanced age depend on the content of mineral substances in a bone tissue by the time of growth termination (that is with the maximum mass of a bone tissue) and on the speed of decrease in this weight further. The greatest gain of mass of a bone tissue (approximately for 60% of maximum) occurs at teenage age that is in days of the largest growth rate. At girls this gain almost comes to an end to 17, and at young men by 20 years. The mass of a bone tissue depends mainly on hereditary factors though also the level of estrogen and androgens in blood, the content of calcium in food and physical activity matter.

Adults have a depression of mass of a bone tissue. X-ray inspections of metacarpal bones (Gam et al., 1966) taped characteristic dynamics of this indicator throughout life: on the third decade of life the gain of mass of a bone tissue stops, up to 50 years it remains to a constant, and then gradually decreases. Such dynamics doesn't depend on a floor and an ethnic origin. It quite precisely reflects change of mass of compact substance, but loss of spongiform substance of some bones begins probably to 50-year age. At women within several years after a menopause loss of mass of a bone tissue accelerates in connection with depression of level of estrogens. You can also like Timusamin.

The mass of a bone tissue at adults depends mainly on physical activity, level of sex hormones and consumption of calcium. All three of these factors are important for its conservation, and a failure of one of them can't be compensated by redundancy of others. For example, at sportswomen with an amenorrhea the mass of a bone tissue decreases, despite intensive exercise stresses (Marcus et al., 1985).

Prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis

From the above it is clear in what prophylaxis of an osteoporosis has to consist. Regular exercise stresses of moderate intensity are shown at any age. Children and teenagers have to receive enough calcium with nutrition fully to realize the genetic potential of accumulation of mass of a bone tissue. To people 60 years are more senior special attention should be paid to a delivery: the ration has to contain the increased amount of calcium; also drugs of a calcium and vitamin D are shown. In post menopause as the most effective remedy of conservation of mass of a bone tissue and prophylaxis of fractures serves replacement therapy by estrogens. It is more than that, prophylaxis or treatment of hypogonadism the most important condition of conservation of osteal weight at any age. When keeping of the listed references during all life it is possible to achieve essential depression of risk of fractures.

The medicines applied at an osteoporosis have to or suppress resorption of a bone tissue, or accelerate bone formation. The USA uses only the drugs suppressing resorption now. However resorption of bones and bone formation two parties of one process and therefore the agents suppressing resorption eventually lead to depression and rate of bone formation. Therefore such agents can't provide essential augmentation of density of a bone tissue. The density gain, usually observable in the first years of treatment, occurs due to decrease of units of osteal updating; soon new equilibrium and density of a bone tissue doesn't change any more. To find out whether there are any mechanisms of augmentation of this indicator, whether it is possible process of long clinical tests (not less than 2 years).

In the recent research conducted by scientists from the Spanish and Canadian institutes it was established that additives of melatonin promote strengthening of bones. It opens a possibility of use of such additives as a way of prevention of an osteoporosis at the people having predilection to disease.

Drugs for treatment of osteoporosis

Calcium

The physiological role of calcium and its use at the hypocaltsimic states were considered above. As for its value of osteoporosis prophylactic, it various in the different age periods. At children's and teenage age calcium consumption is a necessary condition of a gain of mass of a bone tissue. In controlled researches it is established that additional reception of calcium promotes augmentation of mass of bone tissue at teenagers (Johnston et al., 1992; Lloid et al., 1993) though it isn't known whether it changes the maximum size of mass of a bone tissue. The increased consumption of a calcium on the third decade of life enlarges a gain of mass of a bone tissue during this period (Recker et al., 1992). Data on expediency of additional reception of calcium at the beginning of the post climacteric period when loss of mass of a bone tissue is bound generally to depression of level of estrogens are contradictory. It was reported about weak influence of calcium on a condition of spongiform substance; however calcium administration of drugs, even against the background of the high content of calcium in nutrition, slows down loss of compact substance (Riis et al., 1987). At elderly the enlarged consumption of calcium slows down updating of a bone tissue, enlarges density of a bone tissue and reduces risk of fractures (Chapuy etal., 1992; Recker etal., 1996; Dawson-Hughes et al., 1997).

At impossibility or unwillingness to enrich a ration with foodstuff with the high content of calcium of the patient can choose one of many nice to the taste and inexpensive drugs of a calcium. There is a huge amount of the drugs containing calcium salts: usually prescribe calcium a carbonate, but there are also Sodium lactatum, gluconat, Natrii phosphas and calcium citrate, and also gvdroksiapatit. Pollution by lead of some consignments of bone meal limits its use as a calcium source. Calcium Citras, apparently, is soaked up better, than other its salts. However all salts of a calcium are soaked up rather well, and for many people the price and taste of drug have larger value, than insignificant differences in efficiency. Usually drugs of a calcium prescribe at the rate of 1000 mg of a calcium a day (such quantity contains, for example, in 1 l of milk). As the usual ration of elderly people contains calcium in number of 500 — 600 mg/days, the general consumption of calcium at them at the same time increases approximately up to 1500 mg/days. For compensation of losses of endogenic calcium with feces higher doses can be required, but at calcium consumption over 2000 mg/days often arise constipation. Calcium drugs, as a rule, accept during food.

Vitamin D and its analogs

The physiological role of vitamin D and its metabolites, and also their use at hypocalcemia, rachitis and osteomalacy were discussed above. At the boundary or insufficient content of vitamin D in an organism additional reception of its moderate doses (400 — 800 ME/days) improves a calcium absorption in an intestine, suppresses process of updating of a bone tissue and enlarges density of a bone tissue. Results of two European researches showed that additional reception of vitamin D reduces risk of fractures (Chapuy etal., 1992; Heikinheimoetal., 1992). The purpose of purpose of calcitriol at osteoporosis is not prophylaxis of avitaminosis of D, but suppression of function of parathyroid glands and updating of a bone tissue. Calcitriol and another polar derivative vitamin D is often prescribed in Japan and other countries (Fujita, 1992; Tilyard et al., 1992), however in the USA experience of use of these agents is ambiguous. High doses of calcitriol, apparently, more enlarge density of a bone tissue, but at the same time also the risk of hypercalcuria and hypercalcemia increases. It demands careful observation over the patient and selection of doses. Toxic effect of calcitriol can be weakened, reducing calcium consumption (Gallagner and Goldgar, 1990). Low prevalence of hypercalcuria and hypercalcemia at use of calcitriol in Japan can be bound to rather small consumption of a calcium in this country. Expediency of use of polar derivatives of vitamin D deserves further studying, but their toxicity doesn't allow recommending these agents for broad use yet.

Estrogen

Value of replacement therapy by estrogen in post menopause for preserving mass of a bone tissue and prevention of changes is confirmed with numerous data (Lindsay etal., 1976; Horsmanetal., 1977; Reckeretal., 1977; Hutchinson et al., 1979; Weiss et al., 1980). Researches show that estradiol, affecting osteoblasts, reduces development of SILT-6 and increases development of osteoprotegerin, thereby interfering with mobilization of predecessors of osteoclast (Gi-rasole et al., 1992).

Minimum effective preventive dose of estrogen constitutes 0,625 mg/days of the conjugated estrogen (or an equivalent dose of other medicine). Suppression of updating and preserving mass of a bone tissue are observed both in case of acceptance of estrogen inside, and in case of their application. After cancellation of estrogen decrease in mass of a bone tissue accelerates again therefore treatment shall be long. To women to whom operation on removal of a uterus wasn't performed usually recommend to accept along with replacement therapy by estrogen progestagen (cyclically or constantly). Progestagen, belonging to C21 steroids (for example, medrocsiprogesteron), don't interfere with effect of estrogen on bone tissue. Progestagen with androgenic activity, for example noretisteron, in case of combined use with estrogen increase density of a bone tissue and have additional favorable effect on a skeleton (Christiansen and Riis, 1990). Women with a remote uterus can accept estrogen constantly and without addition of progestagen.

It is better to begin replacement therapy with estrogen right after approach of a menopause when updating of a bone tissue accelerates. However the positive effect of estrogen is observed even at women 65 years are more senior. Many elderly women refuse replacement therapy because of its side effects (in particular, cyclic bleedings). Therefore purpose of such therapy requires individual approach.

Selective modulators of estrogen receptors

A lot of work on receiving the estrogens which are selectively operating on a tissue is carried out. One of such drugs, ralocsifen affects as estrogen a bone tissue and a liver, but doesn't influence a uterus, and affects mammary glands as anti-estrogen (hl. 58). At women in post menopause ralocsifenํ stabilizes and to some extent enlarges density of a bone tissue reducing risk of compression fractures of vertebrae (Delmas et al., 1997; Ettingeret al., 1999). Ralocsifen is applied both to prophylaxis, and to treatment of an osteoporosis.

Calcitonin

The physiological role of calcitonin and its use for treatment of hypercalcemia and Pedzhet's illness were considered above. It considerably suppresses resorption of bone tissue osteoclasts and by that enlarges the mass of a bone tissue at an osteoporosis a little (Gruber et al., 1984; Civi-tellietal., 1988; Mazzuolietal., 1986). Its effect is most expressed at patients with high rate of updating of a bone tissue (Civitelli et al., 1988): the mass of a bone tissue can be enlarged by 10 — 05%, and then is stabilized. The reason of such effect is decreasing of units number of osteal updating. It is recently shown that use of calcitonin in a dose of 200 ME/days approximately reduces risk of compression fractures of vertebrae at women with an osteoporosis by 40%.

Diphosphonates

Use of these drugs at hypercalcemia and Pedzhet's illness was also discussed above. Diphosphonates were the most effective modern prophylactic and treatments of an osteoporosis. If etidronat sodium can cause osteomalacy, then new diphosphonates suppress a resorption of bone tissue in the doses which aren't oppressing a mineralization of bones. The first of diphosphonates for treatment of osteoporosis was alendronat sodium. Three years' clinical test showed that purpose of alendronat sodium to women in post menopause with low density of a bone tissue and fractures of vertebrae increases density of a bone tissue and reduces risk of repeated fractures (Black et al., 1996). At the women receiving alendronat sodium, the frequency of fractures of vertebrae and other bones (including fractures of a neck of a femur) was about 50% less, than at those who received placebo. In the accompanying research the similar effect of an alendronat of sodium is taped also at women with low density of a bone tissue, but without fractures of vertebrae (Cummings et al., 1998). Alendronat of sodium promotes conservation of density of a bone tissue not only at women in the first years after a menopause (Hosking et al., 1998), but also at men, and also at the patients receiving glucocorticoids (Saag et al., 1998). Now alendronat sodium applies to prophylaxis and treatment of the osteoporosis caused by excess of glucocorticoids, and post climacteric osteoporosis. The recommended preventive dose makes 5 mg/days, and medical — 10 mg/days.

Though in clinical tests alendronat sodium in general it was transferred well, sometimes it nevertheless causes esophagitis symptoms. They often manage to be weakened if to wash down a tablet with water in a standing position. If it doesn't help, then before going to bed accept H\K inhibitors '-Atfazy (hl. 37). Less side effects at the same efficiency are observed at reception of alendronat sodium on 40 mg once a week. If, despite it, nevertheless there are expressed esophagitis signs, it is necessary to pass to introduction of a pamidronat sodium, 30 mg by i.v. infusion during 3 h Pamidronat sodium is well transferred each 3 months. At the first introduction there can be pains and small fever, but these phenomena quickly disappear and at the subsequent infusions, as a rule, don't renew. Rizedronat sodium in a dose of 5 mg/days also increases density of a bone tissue and reduces risk of fractures of vertebrae in a post menopause (Harris et al., 1999); soon, apparently, its use at post climacteric osteoporosis will be officially approved. Now one more active diphosphonate is ibandronat sodium is tested.

Thiazide-type diuretics

These drugs don't suppress resorption of a bone tissue immediately, but reduce calcium egestion with urine and reduce loss of a bone tissue at patients with hypercalcuria. Whether thiazidne-type diuretics are capable to have similar effect for lack of hypercalcuria is not clearly though there are data that these drugs reduce risk of fractures of neck femur. Hydro chlorthiazidum in a dose of 25 mg of 1 — 2 times a day significantly reduces calcium egestion with urine. The doses of thiazidne-type diuretics causing this effect, as a rule, there are less hypotensive doses.

Local irritative agents

Read separate article: The warming ointments

The agents promoting bone formation

Fluorine

Influence of excess of fluorine on a skeleton and value of fluorination of water for prophylaxis of caries was discussed above. Sodium fluoride, stimulating osteoblasts, enlarges the volume of a bone tissue (Baylink et al., 1970; Brianconand Meunier, 1981). Reception of sodium fluoride in a dose of 30 — 60 mg/days leads to rising of density of spongiform substance at many, though not at everything, sick. According to controlled test (Riggs et al., 1990), sodium fluoride doesn't interfere with emergence of compression fractures of vertebrae, though enlarges density of a bone tissue of vertebrae of lumbar department. At the same time at sodium fluoride reception the risk of fractures of other bones considerably increases. It was noticed, however, that in this test too high doses (75 mg/days) were applied; in other works it was shown that in doses of 30 — 50 mg/days sodium fluoride reduces risk of any fractures (Mamelle et al., 1988). In later research with use of drug of long action which rather poorly increased concentration of ions of fluorine in a blood depression of risk of fractures was also revealed (et al Cancer., 1994). However other data (Riggs etal., 1990) clearly demonstrate that the gain of mass of a bone tissue doesn't guarantee augmentation of durability of bones and that anyway the therapeutic range of drugs of fluorine is very narrow.

Androgens

Replacement therapy by Testosteron enlarges density of bone tissue at men with a hypogonadism. Androgens promote conservation of density of a bone tissue and at women with an osteoporosis, but use of these agents is interfered by their action. Introduction of Nandrolonum (in the form of decanoat) on 50 mg in oil each 3 weeks enlarges density of a bone tissue of an additional and axial skeleton at women with an osteoporosis, without leading to virilescence. Progestogen having androgenic properties Norethisteronum works with estrogens, promoting augmentation of density of bone tissue at women with osteoporosis (Christiansen and Riis, 1990). However lack of convincing data on risk of fractures doesn't allow drawing a conclusion on expediency of such treatment at women yet. In detail androgens are described in hl. 59.

PTG

Lesions of bones at the expressed hyper parathyreosis are described above. It is shown, however, that intermittent introduction of PTG has anabolic effect on spongiform substance and therefore in a number of researches influence of PTG on density of a bone tissue at an osteoporosis was studied. According to results of these researches, PTG (1—34) (a synthetic analog of human PTG) enlarges density of a bone tissue of the axial skeleton (which is generally consisting of spongiform substance), but its action on compact substance was rather negative. At the same time introduction of PTG (1—34) along with estrogens or synthetic androgens significantly increased density of a bone tissue of an axial skeleton without depression of density of compact substance (Lindsay etal., 1997). PTG considerably enlarges density of a bone tissue at the osteoporosis caused by excess of glucocorticoids (Lane etal., 1998). Now PTG and its analogs pass the 3rd phase of clinical tests.

Influence of protein consumption on development of osteoporosis

Influence of consumption of proteins on loss of a bone tissue was studied in three small researches conducted among women. On the basis of these researches qualitative meta-analysis in which was made "the small advantage of reception of proteins for health of a bone tissue" is noted, but in general data of researches were is regarded as unconvincing from the point of view of influence of reception of proteins on osteal system.

Fenton and colleagues carried out the systematic review and meta-analysis of interrelation between an acid load of a diet, including consumption of proteins, and health of a bone tissue. Unfortunately, data on the considered diets were insufficient, thus quality was estimated by a mark C. Authors noticed that "the carried-out analysis didn't confirm a hypothesis that the acid load of a nutrition can cause an osteoporosis, and also a hypothesis that the "alkaline" diet is capable to prevent an osteoporosis. The high-protein diet significantly doesn't influence calcium level in a bone tissue. At the same time it is represented impossible to define ideal (from the point of view of health of a bone tissue) quantity of the consumed protein".

Osteomed

Osteomed is a dietary supplement for treatment of osteoporosis everywhere advanced by business company LLC Parafarm. Osteomed has with clinic nothing in common. It isn't medicine.

Parafarm company is also known for the mass spam directed to advertizing of sports additive leveton. After writing of the exposing article about the leveton, Elistratov achieved blocking of the website sportswiki.ru through local Penza court, allegedly for distribution and promotion of drugs, thus, showing methods of the dirty competition which the company uses. The judgment was passed with a number of severe violations and mistakes.

Composition of osteomed

Osteomed: structure and description

Additive is issued in tablets on 500 mg which include:

• Calcium citrate - 200 mg
• B6 vitamin – 0.3 mg
• Trutnev gomogenat (the ground larvae of drones) - 100 mg
• Osteomed is forte added with D3 vitamin (300 ME) - truly the revolutionary decision!

Structure of trutnev rasplod (gomogenat) in 1 tablet osteomed:

• Testosterone – 0.003 nmol/g or 0,00000000009 g
• Proteins – 0.01-0,02
• Amino acids – 0.01 g
• Carbohydrates – 0.005 g
• Fats – 0.005 g
• Vitamins and minerals - are 100-1000 times less than day need of the person

Efficiency

Elistratov in the interview with "PenzaNews" reports:

"This medicine exceeded the western analogs by 10 times. Last year the regional government gave us big help. It supported us financially. We allocated these funds for patenting of Osteomed in 35 countries of the world with the general population more than 4 billion people. Therefore potential huge" 

Promotion of additives

The scheme of development and promotion of additives from Parafarm is always approximately identical.

Action mechanism

According to Elistratov's statements is a donator of hormones of an estradiol, Prolactinum, testosterone, progesterone and many other useful substances which do osteomed by "world opening in the field of treatment of osteoporosis".

Researches

Salts of calcium are applied to treatment of osteoporosis for many years and these medicines are available at extremely low price. It is urgent also for D3 and B6 vitamin. It should be noted that the independent clinical trial of 2015 published in JAMA Internal Medicine showed that additives with vitamin D don't protect from changes and have no protective effect on a bone at women after a menopause. You can also like Timusamin.

Medicines of calcium are inefficient. Researchers from university of Auckland decided to verify statement that medicines of calcium I strengthen bones. It turned out that it is the myth, however only for elderly people. Scientists attracted data of two large researches in which elderly people were studied to the conclusions. On data array in 45 000 respondents it became clear that calcium administration of drugs doesn't influence the frequency of changes in any way. Other research covered 13790 men and 50 years are more senior than women. According to its data, administration of drugs of calcium increases durability of bones by only 1-2%.

Authors draw a natural conclusion: normal healthy food provides our bones with enough calcium, and additional administration of drugs with it in addition will give nothing.

Drone brood. It is known that content the hormone like substances in drone brood, homogenate or uterine milk is extremely low.

The researches determining efficiency of drone brood milk and artificial estrogen on experimental model of evolution of a uterus were conducted:

The 17b-estradiol (3.9 mg/kg) was increased by uterus amount by 70%

Drone brood milk (570 mg/kg) was increase only by 10% though the dose was 146 times higher in comparison with reference medicine. For the person the equivalent dose would constitute 57 grams or several tablespoons.

Researches was sponsored by Parafarm

Recently in medical schools and scientific centers competition for the best research work on clinical use of the medicines Osteomed, Osteo - Vit (D3, V6) and Osteomed forte was announced. Directly it is necessary to notice that these additives have yet no right to be called medicines. To participation in tender scientists, interns, clinical interns, graduate students, practical doctors of Russia and the CIS countries to which the state can't provide the worthy salary are invited.

The contest committee consists of 7 high-ranking people. In each nomination three awards are established:

• 1 award — $10000
• 2 award — $3000
• 3 award — $1000

Works not taken prizes but which are positively noted by members of the contest committee are awarded with incentive bonuses — $500 (only 10 awards). Submission due date of works on tender will be held till July 01, 2015.

Conclusion

Thus, since fall of 2015 it will be possible to contemplate as the domestic science discredits itself for commercial purposes.

Still the great philosopher Seneca wrote: the science stops being the benefit when its fruit is money.

XVIII All-Russian conference and Osteomed

XVIII All-Russian conference took place on October 1 - 3, 2015, Russia. Fish Ryazan region, FGBNU of "scientific research institute of beekeeping". The conference was sponsored by producer of additive of LLC Parafarm. The analysis of reports of winners is given below.

Regalia: the doctor of medical sciences, the doctor - the clinical pharmacologist, professor, the member of Interregional public organization "Society Pharmakoekonomicheskikh of Researches", the member of the Rostov scientific organization of pharmacologists, the board member of the All-Russian scientific organization of toxicologists, the member of the international recommendation of experts of ROMUALDO DEL BIANCO Fund (Italy), the member of the Rostov regional Association of heads and specialists of small enterprises. Chief physician of commercial clinic of LLC Novomeditsina, Rostov-on-Don

Subject: A research of molecular mechanisms of efficiency of medicine "Osteomedical-forte" in case of a psoriatic artropatia.

Criticism

First, Irina Vladislavovna Sarvilina positions Osteome forte as drug though it that isn't.

The speaker declares that in the analysis of synovial fluid against the background of Osteomed's reception depression of concentration of protein defenzin-1 is observed, however protein is characterized by it as a perspective antibiotic. Further the logic is absolutely lost. Defenzin-1 is a part of drone brood at which use depression of this protein in synovial fluid is observed. That is, consumption of additive with defenzinom-1 causes depression of its concentration.

But the largest nonsense consists that proteins aren't acquired in an invariable look at the use inside, and are blasted to amino acids.

Also in the report there are no data on statistical reliability that is inadmissible in science.

Irina Vladislavovna received 500 thousand rubles for the work!

2 place: Ismailova Oksana Aleksandrovna

Regalia: graduated from the Saratov State medical university, a clinical internship and an internship in DPO PIUV Roszdrava Public Educational Institution. Since 2009 the senior laboratory assistant of of odontology department of general practice and odontology therapeutic. In 2012 assistant of odontology department of eneral practice, dontology therapeutic and odontologies of Penza nursery institute of improvement for doctors in which additive was developed.

Subject: Features of treatment of inflammatory diseases of parodont at women in the post-menstrual period taking into account mineral density of a bone tissue.

Criticism

Positions Osteomed forte as medicine though it that isn't.

Draws a groundless conclusion that Osteomed forte is "one of the most effective and pathogenetic reasonable medicines of osteotropic therapy".

Osteomedom Ismailova Oksana Aleksandrovna calls treatment method. In science and medicine method is the method of knowledge or knowledge acquisition, and what is shown in a research no more than banal scheme of therapy.

Data on statistical certainty aren't shown.

3 place: Kuptsova Tatyana Anatolyevna, etc.

Kuptsova Tatyana Anatolyevna, Penza institute of enhancement of doctors. Head Strukov Villory Ivanovich.

Subject: "Osteo-Vit of D3" in treatment of children with repeated fractures of bones in case of osteoporosis.

Criticism: there is no statistical importance and there is no group of placebo of control that doesn't allow estimating a validity of results and is inadmissible for clinical trials. As a result, conclusions of a research are completely unreasonable.

Also the 3rd place was received by Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna, Anton Sergeyevich and Pavel Mikhaylovich whose reports have even not been submitted at a conference.

Responses

Only the person of absolutely near mind won't be able to distinguish that 99% of all positive reviews about Osteomed and other additives of Parafarm fake.

Rheolex

Rheolex is a dietary supplement for dumping of weight which appeared in the Russian market 3-4 years ago is made in Japan by the Shimizu Chemical Corporation company. In the Russian Federation the official distributor of rheolex is LLC Zdorovye natsii.

Structure

According to information provided on the website spreading this medicine it contains only vegetable fiber of high extent of cleaning which is received from Amorphophallus konjac plant tubers, long ago the famous in Southeast Asia and eaten locals as well for health. The Japanese scientists found that its tubers contain water-soluble food fiber glucomannan (it is patented under the name PROPOLฎ), to which the plant also is obliged by the useful properties. This polysaccharide works as any soluble cellulose: incorporates moisture and bulks up in a digestive tract. Thereby, it accelerates saturation, gives amount and a soft consistence to masses and facilitates emptying of intestines. Besides, cellulose isn't available to digestion and isn't a source of calories. Also, soluble cellulose plays an adsorbent role – absorbs toxic substances, heavy metals and promotes their removal from an organism. You can also like Vazalamin.

Any where Konzhak, from the soluble cellulose containing in other food wasn't succeeded to find the data on cardinal difference of the patented substance "Propol" (glyukomannan) from a plant confirmed with researches.

Reverol (SR9009)

Reverol (edrophonium, the laboratory code of SR9009) - connection suitable for intake, is developed by Scripps Research Institute. The main effects - increase in endurance (due to formation of new mitochondrions), treatment of obesity, a muscular hypertrophy. The mechanism of action consists in linkng with the molecule Rev-ErbA alpha in an organism which performs various regulatory functions. Toxicity of a reverol and action it wasn't studied in public, nevertheless connection is already available in the black market of bodybuilding.

History of development

The international group of scientists developed the SR9009 connection imitating action of physical activity. It will allow fighting against excess weight that who for some reason can't visit the gym or train at home.

Specialists from the USA, the Netherlands and France from the Research institute of Skripps in Florida created the SR9009 connection, entered it to mice with obesity and as a result provoked REV-ERB protein activation. This protein controls circadian rhythms and internal clocks in an organism of an animal, and also regulates metabolism. Mice with an excess weight which injected drug lost weight, and cholesterol level at them in blood considerably decreased. Besides, these animals began to spend for 5% more energy, despite the lack of physical activity. In fact, medicine replaced with it a training. You can also like Vazalamin.

The specialists intrigued with such result decided to remove special breed of corpulent mice in whose cages there were few mitochondrions. These educations which are also called energy stations of cages generate energy in an organism. Endurance of the removed mice was extremely low, and they were tired on a racetrack much quicker. But REV-ERB protein activation by means of the SR9009 connection led to the fact that muscles of animals became same as at the individuals spending much time in active movement. In addition the number of physical exercises which animals could carry out increased. Authors of a research note that the connection created by them could help those people who because of problems with health can't fight against excess weight in the gym.

Side effects

So far scientists didn't check the developed connection for a wide range of toxic actions therefore it is unknown whether SR9009 have side effects. Almost for certain it influences circadian rhythms of the person, but frustration of a dream can be avoided, using connection only in a certain time of day.

Reactions of organism to repeated administration of medicines

Usually pharmacological effect increases in proportion to dose augmentation. Concentration of medicine on a surface and in a cell can depend on the factors including rate of an absorption, distribution, transformation and removal therefore dependence between a dose and pharmacological effect can be linear (Ftorotanum), hyperbolic (Morphinum), parabolic (sulfanylamide drugs), sigmoidalny or S-shaped (Noradrenalinum).

Repeated administration of medicines can cause depression or rising of reaction of an organism on them. The lowered reaction of an organism to medicines (hypo reactivity) is called accustoming which is shown by tolerance or tachyphylaxis. The increased reaction of an organism (hyper reactivity) is shown by an allergy, sensibilization and an idiosyncrasy. At repeated administration of medicines special states — medicinal dependence which is also referred to the lowered reactions, and cumulation can develop.

Accustoming (tolerance, lat. tolerantis patience) is a depression of sensitivity to drug after its repeated introduction that demands dose augmentation to cause effect of the same intensity that took place after introduction of a smaller dose. Accustoming is a partial or total loss of therapeutic (medical) effect at prolonged use of medicine without the phenomena of medicinal dependence that is addiction development. For example, at introduction of the purgatives of a plant origin containing antraglikosida (a rhubarb root, a buckthorn cortex, leaves of Seine) in several weeks the purgative effect decreases. Accustoming is an all-biological property which can be observed also at microorganisms after use of small doses of chemotherapeutic drugs. It is possible to eliminate accustoming as augmentation (in available limits) doses, and replacement of drug or the termination by sometime of its use.

Fast depression of efficiency of medicine after repeated introduction which develops during time from several minutes to one days is called tachyphylaxis (with Greek tachys — fast and phylaxis — protection). Depression of hypertensive effect of ephedrine can be an example of tachyphylaxis. After the first administration of drug arterial pressure increases; after repeated 2 — 3 injections with an interval of 20 — 30 min. the vasoconstrictive effect considerably decreases. To a bowl accustoming to medicine develops slowly, within several weeks of constant reception. An addicting property hypnagogues (especially derivative barbituric acid), tranquilizers, narcotic analgetics, purgatives, etc. possess. To the drugs close on a chemical structure, accustoming (Promedolum, Morphinum) is also possible. Tolerance mechanisms are different. The arsenofagiya fact is abilities of the "trained" animals to accept inside large numbers of Arsen oxide without pernicious consequences is widely known. Accustoming in this case is caused by development of inflammatory processes in a mucosa of the digestive channel and decrease thereof poison absorptions. If to enter to such animal of Arsen oxide parenterally, lethal is even the minimum dose.

Induction by a medicinal preparation the micro zonal enzymes of a liver and acceleration of its own metabolism is the most frequent reason of accustoming. This mechanism prevails in development of accustoming to barbiturates. Tolerance to fosfororganic bonds is caused by depression of sensitivity of holino receptor to Acetylcholinum. Also the autougneteniye phenomenon similar to the enzyme inhibition phenomenon, known in biochemistry, substrate can be the cause of accustoming. The essence of a phenomenon consists that in case of surplus in a drug organism not one is bound to a receptor, and several molecules. The receptor "is overloaded" and the pharmacological effect appears much less. Tolerance shouldn't be identified with medicinal dependence.

Dependence on medicinal and other substances (addiction). According to conclusions of Committee of WHO experts medicinal dependence is a mental state, sometimes even physical which is result of interaction between a live organism and medicinal substance with certain behavioral and other reactions when desire to accept drug constant or arises periodically to avoid discomfort which arises without its acceptance.

Addiction is strong, sometimes the insuperable demand of systematic reception of some medicines and other drugs which cause euphoria (Greek eu — pleasantly and phero — to transfer), for rising of mood, improvement of health, and also elimination of the unpleasant feelings arising after cancellation of these agents. You can try Hepatamin.

The agents causing dependence can be divided into such groups: alcohol-barbituratov (ethyl alcohol, Fenobarbitalum); kanabina (marijuana, hashish); Cocainum; ethereal dissolvents (toluene, acetone, tetrachlormethane); the agents causing hallucinations (an acid, a mescaline, a psilocybin); the agents received from opium (Morphinum, codeine, heroin) and their synthetic substitutes (Promedolum, Fentanylum).

Dependence on several substances at the same time is possible.

Distinguish mental and physical dependence on medicinal substances. According to definition of WHO mental dependence is "a state at which medicine causes content and a mental eminence — a condition of euphoria which demands periodic or constant administration of medicine, for receiving content to avoid a discomfort"; physical dependence an adaptativny state to which intensive physical disorders after the termination of reception of a certain medicine are inherent. These disorders, i.e. an abstinence syndrome (Latin abstinentia continence; Xing. a syndrome an otnyatiya, deprivations) a complex of specific signs of the mental and physical disturbances characteristic of a certain narcotic analgetic.

The mechanism of this phenomenon is bound to the fact that owing to systematic introduction substance joins in the biochemical processes happening in an organism.

As a result the metabolism and functioning of tissues change. To such state the organism adapts gradually, framed the new, differing from usual, metabolic homeostasis. In case of the drug entering termination equilibrium of biochemical processes is broken. There is a serious condition (abstinence) various, often serious somatic disturbances (death is possible) which is liquidated only with renewal of administration of substance.

Are most sensitive to the changed brain cell conditions for this reason medicinal dependence is caused by the drugs influencing the central nervous system. Systematic use of narcotic analgesics with development of dependence is called drug addiction. Change of functions of a brain leads to consecutive development of conditions of an euphoric dream and abstinence. With intensifying of dependence the euphoric phase is reduced, the dream phase almost disappears; the phase of an abstinence changes and goes deep. The most serious picture of medicinal dependence develops when physical, mental dependence and tolerance are combined.

Cumulation (Latin of cumulatio is augmentation, accumulation) can be caused by accumulation in an organism of active agent (a material cumulation) or summits its effects (a functional cumulation). Sometimes the phenomenon of cumulation is used for achievement of appropriate therapeutic effect of medicinal substance (antibiotics, cardiac glycosides).

The material cumulation arises after repeated administration of medicines which are slowly removed from an organism (Fenobarbitalum). Frequent administration of such drugs leads to their accumulation and creation of high concentration in a blood and tissues that is followed by intensifying of effect, up to development of intoxication. Especially easily intoxication medicinal substances arises at an abnormal liver function and kidneys. Some cardiac glycosides (Digitoxinum), drugs of iodine, Bromum, an arsenic are slowly removed from an organism owing to strong communication with proteins of a blood plasma.

The functional cumulation is inherent, mainly, for strong psychotropic substances. These substances are removed from an organism quickly enough, but the functional changes caused by them don't disappear to repeated reception. On this background the subsequent dose strengthens effect. An example of after-actions of a functional cumulation disturbance of mentality and the progressing degradation of the person at alcoholics (delirium tremens, psychosis). Ethyl alcohol is a substance which quickly is oxidized and in tissues its neurotropic action isn't late, summarized.

Reception of cardiac glycosides is followed by the admixed cumulation.

In case of use of the substances capable to cumulation, at first prescribe a shock dose for creation of a certain therapeutic concentration in a blood (tissues), then pass to a maintenance dose, however now the drugs of cardiac glycosides received from plants for the prevention of side effects prescribe in maintenance doses.

Sensibilization (Latin sensibilisatio sensitive) is one of the reasons of high-quality change of effect (sensitivity rising) at repeated administration of medicines.

Practically all medicines under certain conditions, depending on specific features of an organism, are capable to form strong communications with proteins. A conjugation with medicine changes conformstion of albuminous molecules. These bonds act as a gapten who has property of an antigen capable to sensibilize an organism. Thereof, after one of repeated administrations of the corresponding medicinal substance instead of medical effect allergic reaction develops. It is observed at 15 — 30% of persons and is various in character and gravities: from mild implications on a skin to lethal anaphylactic shock. Most often the sensibilization is caused by antibiotics, sulfanylamide drugs, antidepressants, neuroleptics of fenotiaz series, B1 and B12 vitamins, mestnoanesteziruyushchy agents.

The increased reactions of an organism to administration of medicines are allergic reactions which can be divided into 4 types:

Type 1. The immediate type of allergic reactions develops within several hours after introduction of the allowing drug dose. The leading role is played by IgE the antibodies which are bound to an antigen on a surface of mast cells, leading them to degranulate, allocation of Histaminum. Are shown by urticaria, edemas, anaphylactic shock, etc. (cause Penicillinums).

Type 2. Cytolytic type of reactions when IgG and IgM — antibodies, activating system of a complement, interact with an antigen on a surface of formulated elements of a blood, causing their lysis (Methyldopa causes hemolitic anemia, Analginum — an agranulocytosis).

Type 3. Immune complex type of reactions when IgE is antibodies form complexes with an antigen and a complement which interact with an endothelium (damaging it). At the same time the serum disease which is shown fever, urticaria, an itch, etc. develops (cause Sulfanilamidums).

Type 4. The slowed-down type of allergic reactions in which the cellular mechanisms of immunity including sensibilized T lymphocytes and macrophages are involved. It is shown in the form of a contact dermatitis, for example when drawing on a skin of the irritating medicines.

The idiosyncrasy belongs to the increased reactions (Greek idios peculiar; synkrasis merge, mixing), i.e. the increased genetically caused reaction of an organism at introduction of medicines in small doses bound to insufficient activity of some enzymes. So, elongation of action of Dithylinum to 2 — 3 h is bound to hereditary failure of a cholinesterase of blood serum.

Rastan

Rastan is one of the first recombinant growth hormones (GH) of national production. Rastan is registered as medicine in Russia and is available in drugstores.

The strain and technology of obtaining were developed by scientists of Institute of bioorganic chemistry of RAS of a name of academicians M. M. Shemyakin and Yu.A.Ovchinnikov under the leadership of the academician of RAS A. I. Miroshnikov.

Indicators of quality of substance conform to requirements of the American and European pharmacopeias. You can also like Hepatamin.

Clinical trials based on Institute of children's endocrinology of ENTs Russian Academy of Medical Science showed outstanding performance and safety of medicine.

Analogs

• Jintropin (Dzhintropin) from Gensi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China)
• Ansomone (Ansomon) from Anhui Anke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China)
• Neotropin (Neotropin) from Neo Laboratories Ltd. (China)
• Getropin (Getropin) from Zhongshan Hygene Biopharm Co. (China)
• Kigtropin (Kigtropin) from Kigtropin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China)
• Dynatrope (Dinatrop) from Dynamic Development Laboratories Co., Ltd. (Mauritius)
• Genotropin (Genotropin) from Pharmacia & Upjohn AB (Sweden)
• Saizen (Sayzen) from Serono (Switzerland, Belgium)
• Humatrope (Humatrop) from Eli Lilly and Lilly France (France)
• Norditropin (Norditropin) from Novo Nordisk (Denmark)
• To Blue Tops (Bl Tops) from Shanghai KeFei United BioTech Co., Ltd. (China)
• Haygetropin

Protodioscin

Protodioscin is a saponin with steroid structure, found in some types of plants. Protodioscin contains in large numbers in Tribulus terrestris, and also in Trigonella and Dioscorea. Protodioscin is applied in sport (bodybuilding and power lifting) to increase in power indicators and muscle bulk, and also as aphrodisiac.

In the market of sports food protodiostsin is on sale as the Tribulus terrestris extract standardized under a certain percent of active agent. You can try Bonomarlot.

Researches

In researches on the isolated fabric it was revealed that protodiostsin is capable to strengthen an erection, besides sexual activity and a libido increases.

Action mechanism of protodiostsin remains to unknown, however scientists assume that it is connected with increase in development of testosterone and other androgenic hormones (dihydrotestosterone and dihydroepiandrosteron), and also increase in release of nitrogen oxide which has vasodilating effect. In bodybuilding this property is very useful, so it positively affects not only an erection, but also food of muscles improves.

Anti-inflammatory dietary supplements

In the sphere of fight for health of mankind along with the new assumption that inflammatory processes can be the cause of many illnesses of an organism a large number of anti-inflammatory ingredients (generally plants and fruit extracts, for example, acidic cherry) are on sale in the market as the agents protecting from various illnesses and promoting restoration of muscles. For example, at the recent Olympic Games several groups of athletes accepted 120 ml of juice of acidic cherry twice a day to overcome inflammatory processes and to help restoration of an organism. An omega-3 fatty acids and cod-liver oil are also advertized as strong anti-inflammatory drugs and are the most often used additives. It is considered that Quercetinum which can be received from apples and red mushrooms, possesses a series of anti-inflammatory properties too and therefore joins in different sports food in the form of chewing gum, capsules and drinks. Let's watch development of this trend within the next decade. Do not forget take Bonomarlot for better results.

Prostamol Uno

Prostamol Uno is the medicine which is widely advertized on television designed to help with prostate gland problems at men on a basis From the Palmetto (Saw Palmetto). In advertizing of prostamol usually don't specify what prostamol is not a medicine, and dietary supplement. It is made of dense extract of fruits of palm tree (Serenoa repens or Sabalis serrulata). What is promised by producers?

Prostamol Uno reduces development of substance which provokes growth of ferriferous tissue of prostate, he has the anti-inflammatory, toning and ant edematous properties. Prostamol Uno's acceptance removes such symptoms as, the complicated painful urination, frequent desires to it, helps to recover reproductive function of the man. You can also like Endoluten.

Structure

1 capsule of Prostamol Uno contains:

• spirit extract of fruits of a palm tree - Extr. Sabalis serrulatae (9-11:1) - 320 mg
• excipients: suktsinilirovan gelatin; glycerin; the water purified; titan dioxide; dye iron oxide black; dye cochineal insect red (E124)

Prostamol is quite often appointed the practicing doctors. However, any positive effect is noted in at most 50% of cases of observation of patients. At the same time, treatment prostamol is necessary to spend a long time. If, after prolonged use and the termination of acceptance symptoms of a disease began to appear again perhaps prostamol is necessary to apply on a fixed basis.

Criticism

According to the European medicinal extracts From the Palmetto the minimum concentration of substances are established:

• not less than 80% - fats
• not less than 23% - laurinov acid
• not less than 0,2% - sterola
• not less than 0,1% - β-sitosterol

This structure isn't even specified at medicine Prostamol Uno. In researches From the Palmetto showed low therapeutic activity.

Prolonged peptides

Prolonged peptides or "long" is obvious, the fraudulent share on artificial promoting of nonexistent peptide medicines of prolonged action, allegedly American origin. Total absence of scientific data and references in any media, magazines and other reliable sources of information (including western) about the prolonged peptides demonstrates that it is a scam. Information is distributed only on Russian-speaking resources.

According to statements of dealers duration of action constitutes 4 weeks and more.

Offered action mechanism:

At the expense of a formula of release and a biological basis, but not chemical as peptides of the previous generation, active ingredient 24 hours a day themselves and hourly, i.e., it is released in blood in a certain dosage throughout a long time, from 21 to 60 days. If to take for example pMG720, then the general equivalent of active ingredient in 30 days will constitute up to 288000 micrograms which are steadily working for you, and these are in turn 144 bottles on 2000 micrograms of a regular mechanical factor.

"Attention" At the moment doesn't exist the pharmacological technologies allowing achieving increase in time of effect of peptides at such term. Not to confuse to pegylated peptides (in names have the PEG prefix, or PEG). One of ways of increase in efficiency of medicines of proteinaceous structure is the chemical modification of their molecule consisting not in actually change of their structure, and in the physicist the chemical transformation reached by connection of a native molecule with polyethylene glycol (PEG). This process of connection of a native molecule of medicine with PEG received the name "pegilirovanie". Similar chemical modification of pharmacological medicines of peptide structure is selectively directed to improvement of their shipping, decrease in immunogenicity, increase in the period of their semi-life, and as a result of everything listed, to substantial increase of quality of life in the course of performing treatment. Nevertheless, the pegilirovanie allows increasing action duration from several minutes to one day, but no more. Please pay attention to Gotratix.

The list of the offered prolonged peptides includes:

• Erythropoietin Long (pEPO720) Erythropoietin
• Mechanical factor of growth Long of the version (pMGF720) Mechano Growth Factor
• Insulinopodobny factor of growth (pIGF720), Insulin-like Growth Factor
• The prolonged hormone of growth pHGH720
• For all products dosages on 200 or 400 mkg are specified

Gene mechanism of action

There is a hypothesis that long are a gene dope, namely nucleotide enkhanser or factors of a transcription which start broadcast of certain genes. However it isn't true as nucleotides have nothing in common with peptides. Secondly, enkhanser and proteinaceous to - activators of the genes coding endogenous peptides (IGF-1, MGF, GR or erythropoietin) aren't developed that it is simple to check on scientific base PubMed.

Plasmid DNA

Also affirms that the prolonged peptides are genetic engineering vectors, namely plasmid DNA. Some compositions with plasmid DNA (for example, coding insulin like factor of growth) hold the patent - RU2372941. However their efficiency in case of intramuscular introduction is minimal.

The Problem is that in case of intramuscular entering of so-called naked DNA (naked DNA) they are almost not capable to get through a cellular membrane and, as a result, extremely low expression of genes of target peptides is observed. This approach was actively developed in the nineties the last century, but in view of lack of positive results isn't applied now.Clinically significant transfektion plasmids is possible only when using such methods as an elektroporation, a sonoporation, etc.