Challenges in thinking

Psychologist Dr. Doping speaks about tasking environment studies in the psychology of thinking and problem-solving methods.How in the psychology of thinking is determined by the task? What are the main tasks of structural differences from the problems? What methods are exploring the process of solving problems?

The origin of the word "challenge" - this is what you someone puts, specifies that there is some difficulty with which you have to cope. Most often, psychologists say that the problem - it is a goal that must be achieved in some conditions, the conditions are not simple, and that you limit. If the target can be achieved at once, it is not the problem. Go to the kitchen and pour a glass of water - it's not the problem. If there are some formidable obstacles, such as social between you and the kitchen: the parents were sitting there, who do not want to let you go, or tap water was over some time ago - start things similar to those interested in psychology. Thus, the aim in any conditions - this task. It often turns out to be local, that is well defined, with more or less clear objective. And in the decision you need to find some ways, the means to get to that goal. In human culture has a lot of fairly thin areas that are cultivated as a special problem of the formation of experience.

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In psychology in the last 100 years, we believe that the problem - it is "cool" in every sense of the word. Firstly, it is the material on which you can study thinking. Second, it allows us to study the problem is not at all thinking, and that of his piece that interests you. The objectives are extremely diverse in material, structure, according to the thinking strategies that are needed to address, and so on. Therefore, selecting the task in a special way, you can very differently to target the human mind, put it in a different problem situations and to study its different sides. Moreover, the problem is extremely useful in another respect: they are very good as a training material.

There is a very important structural element that distinguishes the problem of problems. How successfully he wrote a famous researcher of problem solving, a German D¸rner names: Imagine that you are playing a game of chess, but when you make a move, because all the pieces are connected, you drag all the pieces at once. This is a problem when every move changes the whole situation on the board, and it's not a metaphor, it literally. This he calls the principle of a spring mattress: when you click on a spring mattress in one place, all the moves down from all sides. This is a problem which is different from the task in all respects. First, the characteristics of: the problem is much more complicated due to the fact that they are less certain - neither the means nor the goals.