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Artificial Intelligence

27 Oct 2016

Neuroscientist Dr. Doping tells about the history of cybernetics, artificial intelligence and simulation of the human brain. What are the different approaches to the creation of artificial intelligence? What is the character, or the classic artificial intelligence? What is the reason the interest of scientists to this kind of research?

As a separate line of research artificial intelligence emerged in the mid XX century. Then there was a discipline at the intersection of neuroscience and mathematics, which was called "cybernetics". Within this field of research mathematicians and neuroscientists have tried together to understand how is the work of the brain, using mathematical methods. Around the same time there were computers, and it provided the technology platform, accelerating cybernetic research. Scientists became easier to explore the theory of how the brain works, usually require a large number of calculations using a computer. This led to the emergence of research called "artificial intelligence.

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In parallel, there was a different direction, which used an approach based on the fact that the highest expression of human intelligence - is the logical judgment. The logic may be represented by manipulating characters, namely for such manipulations were created computers. Therefore, the use of computers can be realized character artificial intelligence. This approach to solving the problem of intelligence from the top down, by postulating the possibility of reproducing human cognitive abilities without reference to the level of individual neurons. It was called "artificial intelligence" (AI), or "character artificial intelligence," or "classic artificial intelligence." And in the history of this area had a lot of ups and downs associated with a very high excitement. Scientists have stated in the late 60's - early 70-ies: "After 10 years we will have a robot capable of doing any work a man can do"

The main driving force that was behind the research in the field of artificial intelligence as a fundamental problem as the problem of creating something like a man and understanding of artificial intelligence through human nature, is actually standing still. On the other hand, are constantly searching for solutions to this problem. And one of the approaches that developed in recent years, is associated with an attempt to simulate the brain at the neuronal level in general.


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