Agmatine

Agmatine is a sports additive (agmatine sulfate) which is often presented as the most active form of the donator of nitrogen as an arginine, however, if to compare effects, has with it few common features. In pharmacology agmatine the protecting brain from ischemic damage is presented as nootrop, it is also perspective for treatment of neuropathic pain and a drug addiction. Positive effects on sports indicators and body height of muscles are directly not proved, but well proved.

It is open and called in 1910 the German scientific Albrecht Kossel which allocated agmatine from milts of a herring. From the chemical point of view, is biogenic amine which is formed of L-arginine by decarboxylation (excision of carboxyl group). Agmatine is also present at a human body, acting as a neurotransmitter, it is deposited in some neurons and released at their activation. You can also like Ventramin.

Mechanism of action

The molecule of agmatine has pleyotropny (various) biological effect and has several proved mechanisms which can be useful to athletes.

Increases activity of eNOS

NOS (nitric oxide synthase) is an enzyme which synthesizes nitrogen oxide. There are three types of this enzyme: iNOS (immune), nNOS (nervous) and eNOS (vascular). The first two look is suppressed agmatiny, however rising of level and activity of eNOS was experimentally shown. It is known that nitrogen oxide is multipurpose and is formed in many cells and tissues. In bodybuilding interest is attracted only by eNOS as it carries out synthesis of nitrogen oxide in a blood that leads to expansion of a capillary bed and improvement of a delivery of muscular tissue. Thus, this mechanism can theoretically facilitate transport of nutrients and oxygen, to promote restoration of muscles and to provide pamping.

Activation imidazolin receptors

A number of researches proved activation of imidazolin retsepetor definitively, moreover agmatine of imidazolin receptors is endogenous (natural) ligand. Known pharmacological medicines mocsobidin and rilmenidin, applied to a lowering of arterial pressure belong to I1-imidazolinovykh agonists of receptors.

In case of activation of imidazolin receptors the following effects develop:

• the suppression of sympathetic nervous system (comforting action)
• decrease in secretion of adrenaline and other catecholamine
• expansion of vessels and decrease in level of arterial pressure
• increase in secretion of anabolic hormone of insulin and improvement of power supply of fabrics
• strengthening of a lipoliz (combustion of fat)
• reducing products of lactic acid

Side effects: Therapy by I1-imidazolinovykh agonists of receptors is followed by development of a number of side effects, such as drowsiness or sleeplessness, adyname, a headache, dizziness, weakness in case of physical activities, sensation of fear, a depression, spasms, heartbeat, a cold snap of extremities, orthostatic hypotension, inflows, dryness in a mouth, pain in epigastria, diarrhea, nausea, a lock, peripheral hypostases, disorders of sexual function, skin rashes, an itch.

Curve of concentration of gonadotrophin (LG) after introduction

Stimulates secretion of gonadotrophin and gonadoliberin

It is known that these two peptides are capable to raise products of own testosterone. Positive influence on secretion of gonadotrophin (lutenizing hormone) and gonadorelin was revealed only to work of 1995 on rats. At the same time agmatine was entered into brain ventricles. Similar results were received by M. Kovac, J. Gulyas in 1988 in case of intravenous administration of GHRG peptide with replacement in the amino-acid sequence of an arginin on agmatine.

Blocking of NMDA of receptors

This mechanism continues to be studied actively as is of great importance for neuropatronage. However in bodybuilding isn't of particular interest.

Release of endorphins

Due to release of beta endorphin and increase in sensitivity of opioid receptors possesses the anesthetizing action. At the same time doesn't cause dependence.

Besides, activation of serotonin and alfa2-adrenoceptors, blocking of nicotinic receptors, activation of PI3K/Akt and adenylate cyclase is found.

Feedbacks of the expert

Apparently from the description of mechanisms, agmatine sulfate realizes the main action not at the expense of nitrogen oxide. It is only one of many mechanisms which advantage is very doubtful. Moreover, there is a research which showed that nitrogen oxide suppresses synthesis of own steroid hormones (testosterone) in testicles.

Despite it, imidazolin mechanism looks very attractive and well reasonable. "Attention" Should be noticed that perhaps notable decrease in power indicators and activity during the training, due to sedative action and decrease in level of catecholamines (though many producers suggest otherwise, in the section of mechanisms there is a confirmatory footnote) therefore for security officers additive can play a negative role though as a part of pretraining complexes it can be unnoticed due to additional inclusion of stimulators. Also there is open a question of bioavailability of agmatine of sulfate which is used in all sports additives.

Sports food

• AGMATINE 500 from USP labs
• Agmatine from Serious Nutrition Solutions
• Hybrid N.O. from MusclePharm
• Jack3d Micro (USPlabs)
• Fierce Domination from SAN
• Testogen-XR from Ronnie Coleman
• MOAB from Muscle Warfare
• Cannibal Perma Swole from Chaos & Pain
• Insane Veinz from Insane Labz

Acceptation course

About 500 - 1000 mg approximately in 45 minutes before a training are recommended to accept, or at any time during rest together with food. The maximum recommended dose constitutes 6,000 mg, according to the data MayoClinic.com. It is possible to combine with other sports food. The optimum duration of administration is accurately not regulated, about 1-2 months.