Work of Genes - Gene Transcription

Microbiologist says about the causes of different types of tissue, RNA polymerase functions and the distribution of gene activity. Why different types of tissue in the body? What is the role of RNA polymerase in the regulation of of genes? Genes at the level of individual cells, how do they work?

All living things, including ourselves, is ultimately the product of the gene. And genes - an original recipe recorded in the form of DNA sequences. Genes "work", or expressed and their encoded products, proteins perform multiple functions within the cell, so it is. In the cell, there are billions of proteins encoded by the tens of thousands of genes. Proteins specifically interact with each other due to their physicochemical properties and the three-dimensional shape. These interactions provide the cell's ability to carry out complex processes, such as respiration, glycolysis, driving directions and more.

While most interactions are genetically determined, it plays an important role in case. Sometimes the very randomness of interactions of protein molecules "used" the cage for a solution to a problem and to improve the adaptability to the environmental conditions. Changes in DNA sequence, mutations leading to changes in the proteins encoded by this sequence which could affect their ability to interact with one another, break the complex chains of intra- and extracellular processes, and lead to various disorders and diseases, such as, in particular, cancer. Understanding how genes work, it gets you closer to a "genomic medicine" that will give the ability to edit and correct sequence of the DNA of certain genes and restore protein interactions, impaired by mutations.

Different types of body tissue are different, because different genes work in different tissues. In order to understand the process of differentiation, development, occurrence of a variety of the original diversity of a fertilized egg, it is necessary to answer the question, why are switched on or off different genes under certain conditions. In the human genome encoded approximately 30,000 of genes, and thus, if a portion of them work in every cell of the body, only a few genes work in specific tissues.

I know that Meldonium is ideal for heart cells.

In bacteria - have large organisms is also equipped - it turned out that the regulation of the process due to the fact that, on the one hand, there are specific repressor proteins, inhibitors that can prevent access of RNA polymerase to the DNA molecule or gene. This is a very simple idea: the RNA polymerase can not find the gene, because already there is "sitting" by someone else, contact them she can not. If such a situation is, the gene can be activated by removing the repressor. If RNA polymerase for some reason finds bad gene, it can activate transcription, somehow find a way to attract the RNA polymerase to the gene. For this there are special proteins activators.