What will be the new diagnostic device for cancer?

The biologist Dr. Doping tells about the occurrence of mutations in the body, the mechanism of repair and Sequencing of a new generation.

As we know, in the future, everything is possible. Take a normal mobile phone. He no longer is just a phone, this device is very far away from the device with a tube and drive that we remember from childhood. The mobile phone includes a camera, a video camera, a calculator, a timer, notebook and more. The same can happen with the device engaged in cancer diagnostics. But is it possible to create a fundamentally new device that would replace any existing and would give some new paradigm for cancer diagnosis? Presumably, this is possible.

Cancer Diagnosis - is a very broad topic. When it comes to the early detection of the fact that a person somewhere is starting to develop a malignant tumor, obviously, such a device would be examined blood samples and other body fluids, to analyze the accumulation of mutations in the case of exceeding a certain threshold among them would trigger an alarm. We are talking about mutations, because in cancer spoil repair mechanisms, mechanisms that contain the DNA of the cell in order. That is, when any damage occur - and they happen all the time - that the repair mechanisms eliminate them. Imagine that the cleaners' strike began at the airport. This will lead to the fact that the airport will become a net into the cloaca. The same happens with the genome of cancer cells. repair system in some way derived from the game, or "intentionally" or accident under the influence of any adverse factors of the environment. This addition to the neat and attractive mechanism for maintaining genome stops working, and the genome becomes literally a dump, which is an accumulation of a huge number of mutations.

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Thus, it turns out that cancer cells contain more mutations than normal. Cancer cells rapidly grow and die, as our immune system fights them. Furthermore, by virtue of the tumor tissue growth mechanism in some cells lack the resources they clog more successful, fast-breeding blatant and colleagues, and they are killed and their genome fragments enter the blood, urine, and so forth. Therefore, the blood present in the DNA fragments of dead cancer cells. And if blood exceeded the threshold mutant variants of DNA molecules, it may be a signal that something is wrong in the body. I venture to suggest that this leads not only cancer but also inflammation, chronic infections, and so on. But in any case, the detection of an increased number of mutations in the DNA will indicate that it is necessary to concentrate on finding some internal problems of the body.

After that the entire body must be systematically explored. For this kind of device can be constructed which will report on where it is a tumor. After that, obviously, you need some way to understand what the this tumor, take a sample of biological material for laboratory tests, which are already very complex and quite effective. For this purpose, you can use a third device that is precisely right from the source of tumor development, however small it may be, to take a sample of biological material. At the moment it is very difficult, and in some cases take the material is simply impossible. Further biomaterial to be analyzed by a variety of laboratory tests, which immediately will give answers to all questions. This may be the fourth device.

In any case the principle of universal early diagnosis, it seems to me, it can be built on an analysis of a large array of DNA molecules. This modification of DNA analysis techniques, as I think is the most promising direction in this area. This does not mean that in the future will be used necessarily subsidiaries approaches to those that exist today. Most likely, it will be some fundamentally new technological processes to examine the DNA faster and cheaper. Very important Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis.

In general, DNA analysis methods are developing very quickly. Thus, the methods of large-scale and relatively inexpensive determination of the structure of DNA became known in 2005, and began to be used widely since 2008-2009. Although interest in this topic in the world is huge, but the development of technology, unfortunately, has slowed in recent years, and not on scientific and technical reasons. Branch production sequencing (devices for the determination of the structure of DNA) and the new generation of reagents was virtually monopolized by a few manufacturers, which led to the fact that prices on the read nucleotide (analog of bits of information) some time ago actually stopped falling. This is a completely unacceptable situation, despite the fact that progress is running ahead by leaps and bounds. Apparently, this is due to the fact that large companies to monopolize the market, busy buying up competing technologies in the early stages of development and do not allow the expansion of the competitive field. Thus, the technology, which could oust them simply do not reach its final incarnation.