What is cognitive dissonance?

The Psychologist Dr. Doping tells about on the relationship with the cognitive dissonance motivation theory, experiments and the sectarians determining unconscious.

The concept of cognitive dissonance in psychology emerged in the late 1950s. Its author is an American psychologist Leon Festinger. He discovered and experimentally confirmed that if our ideas there is any controversy, differences (in fact, it's called cognitive dissonance), then we have a desire to eliminate this contradiction, or add new elements into the picture to remove the discrepancy.
Especially important is the role of cognitive dissonance when one of the elements of the picture - our own actions or habits. For example, information about the dangers of smoking is part of cognitive dissonance with the fact that "I smoke". One way to eliminate cognitive dissonance - to quit smoking, the other way - to discredit the information about the dangers of smoking, that is, to find and to include in his picture of the world contrary to the information, such as information about the dangers of smoking are exaggerated and there are plenty of other, more dangerous habits.

At one time, the theory of cognitive dissonance theory was seen as a motivation, which explains some of the reasons for our actions. Why do we do what we do? To resolve cognitive dissonance. But soon enough it became clear that it works is not clear in many cases the existence of contradictions does not prevent a person to maintain a mixed picture of the world. Moreover, as the theory of cognitive dissonance motivation little to explain, because in Festinger's theory says that as the importance of these elements is important. If these elements are significant, then they generate the appropriate consequences, but if contrary elements are insignificant, there are no consequences of this will be. Thus, the explanation of action still performs weighting factor, which was on the periphery of the attention, but nevertheless, it could not be ruled out. It is a contradiction between something meaningful generates an action.

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Then we discovered, including studies of Festinger, cases where a clear violation of forecasts does not lead to a change in perceptions, as follows from the theory of cognitive dissonance, and to easy modification. For example, were well-known studies on the material of one of the sects, awaiting the end of the world on a certain date, when the end of the light in the desired date does not happen, then the members of the sect have not abandoned their ideas. They just modified them slightly, explaining why the end of the world did not happen, and continued to stick to their belief systems.

Today, the explanation only in a limited number of cases, operate on the basis of cognitive dissonance. In many situations, contradictions or discrepancies do not lead people to desire to achieve a natural unique painting. People live quietly, putting in his head completely contradictory and logically inconsistent ideas. This is one of the most important issues for the understanding of human psychology. At the time, Sigmund Freud said that one of the characteristics of the unconscious is that it does not see the contradiction that in the unconscious, in contrast to the mind, quietly get on absolutely incompatible images and ideas. We have to think about the extent to which the consciousness of modern man is conscious or whether it has accepted the appearance of consciousness and the unconscious world.