Systemic biology

Bioinformatics Dr. Doping tells about the methodology of studying the cell as a whole, different approaches in systems biology and pharmacology development prospects.

What is systems biology and the opportunities it opens up the study of the cells? As systems biology to better understand the mechanisms of cancer and its treatment guidelines? What are the latest developments in the field of drugs against cancer?

New sequencing technologies, new technologies determine the sequence of nucleotides in the genome actually can be used not only to study the genomes of themselves, but also to study how the cell is arranged, the individual interactions in cells. And in recent years, many experimental techniques, which are based on the definition of the sequence of nucleotides in the genome fragments, but you learn without the gene, and all sorts of interactions that occur in the cell. This area is called systems biology - in the sense that you're looking at a cell as an integrated system: not a single gene or protein, and immediately all the proteins and interactions.

Why identical genomes, and different cells and tissues? Answer: because they have different genes work. We have 25,000 protein-coding genes, there is RNK genes. And there is such, that all genes in each cell simultaneously operated. And individual cells, tissue is determined by which genes in their work, which are silent. And you can just watch how genes work, from what information is read, how hard it is going to read. You can look at what proteins interact with DNA, it is the same technique as in the spatial structure analysis. You take a lot of cells, chemically sewed proteins to DNA, those proteins that currently interact with DNA, are sewn tightly, then cut the DNA, pull on the proteins that it sew, and define those sequences that were extended with these proteins . Compares with the genome and you see that a particular protein, for which you are pulled, associated with the genome in a certain set of seats, with a certain intensity.

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On the one hand, we have come to understand a lot more we can for the first time to start thinking about how the cell is arranged as a whole - not the way it looks, is not what we see under the microscope, but as it arranged molecular interactions, how to construct all the mechanisms , signaling pathways, genes work, on / off switch. On the other hand, it became clear just how much we do not understand. In absolute terms we have become much smarter, and in a relative - a lot more stupid because we saw what we thought we knew quite well what was left just a little bit to finish, it was found that there is much more of everything else there . Our lack of understanding of the biology greatly increased.