Sports Pharmacology – Pharmacological Sport preparations

Antihypoxants

The problem of hypoxia in the sphere of sports is quite acute.

Clinical data and theoretical studies strongly suggest that the most promising in the fight against hypoxia is the use of pharmacological agents that enhance the body disposal circulating therein oxygen, reducing the oxygen demand of organs and tissues and thereby facilitate and reduce hypoxia resilience organism to oxygen deficiency. These tools are called antihypoxants.

Antihypoxants conditionally can be divided into two groups:

1) acting on the transport function of blood;

2) correcting the metabolism of cells.

The first group includes compounds that increase blood oxygen affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, as well as endogenous vasoactive substances and exo-gene nature. The second group includes compounds of membrane action, energizing the direct action (ie, influence the redox potential of the cell, the Krebs cycle and respiratory chain of mitochondria) and drugs directly antihypoxic action.

Aktovegin is a drug which is produced on the basis of an extract of calf blood serum and contains only physiological components having high biological activity - low molecular weight organic compounds: amino acids, oligo-peptides, nucleosides, and glycolipids, some important electrolytes and trace elements.

Actovegin significantly increases the energy reserve cells and their resistance to hypoxia by optimizing the consumption of oxygen and glucose. When using Actovegin increases the synthesis of ATP in 18 times - the main energy substrate. In this way it maximizes the critical power decreases tension metabolic changes (pH, lactate).

The intracellular oxygen deficiency conditions, the cell maintains its own energy needs at the expense of activation of anaerobic glycolysis. The result is the depletion of domestic energy reserves, destruction of cell membranes and cell destruction. The predominance of anaerobic energy pathways of reproduction is the leading mechanism of hypoxic and ischemic damage of organs and tissues.

Actovegin has a systemic effect on the body and converts glucose oxidation processes in an aerobic way. The active fraction of the drug enhances glucose transport in a dose dependent manner, up to fivefold increase. A secondary effect is to improve the blood supply.

Under conditions of tissue hypoxia caused by the violation of microcirculation, Acktovegin contributes to the formation of capillary network due to start-vessels. By improving the delivery of oxygen and reducing the severity of ischemic tissue damage Actovegin also indirectly promotes cell protein-synthesizing function and exerts immunomodulatory effects. It has effect in metabolic and circulatory disorders of the central nervous system that have arisen during the preparation in the midlands. Application - 80 mg / m in / day for about 2 weeks, or 1-2 tablets of 200 mg three times a day for 2 to 6 weeks.

Olyphenum (Hypoxen) is antihypoxant improving hypoxia tolerance by increasing the rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria and improve contingency oxidative phosphorylation. Olyphen helps raise the body to a certain base level. Olyphen (Hypoxen) is being direct acting drug, can provide oxygen for any cell to small molecular size. In this regard, it may be applied in all types of hypoxia. This is the most powerful antihypoxant used in sports.

Perhaps application of Hypoxen for the liquidation of emergency oxygen debt after the finish in the shortest distance, ie, after working in the glycolytic mode. Also, when a longer work to increase resistance to oxygen deficiency. It is used in the form of tablets of 0.5 g (recommended rate - 10-50 tablets), as well as beverages with Olyphen (Hypoxen).

Cytochrome C is an enzyme preparation derived from bovine tissue heart. Hemoprotein that participates in the processes of tissue respiration, cell respiration is a catalyst. Iron contained in the Cytochrome c, reversibly changes from the oxidized form to the reduced, and therefore the use of the drug accelerates the oxidation processes. Since this animal substance consisting of large molecules, it is deprived of the possibility to penetrate into every cell. In applying the drug may allergic manifestations in predisposed to them.

Sodium Oxybutirate is an antihypoxic properties are associated with the ability to activate the oxygen-free oxidation of energy substrates and reduce the body's need for oxygen. Sodium Oxybutirate itself able to split with the formation of the energy stored in the form of ATP. Furthermore, when administered continuously increases blood growth hormone, and cortisol, significantly reduced the content of lactic acid. Under the action of Sodium Oxybutirate mitochondria occurs hypertrophy of muscle fibers and increases the amount of glycogen in the muscles and liver. It has adaptogenic action and light anabolic. It has also antishock effect.

In connection with the sedative effects of the drug should not be used during the day for those who need fast psychophysical response. Used as a 5% syrup for oral solution or 20% for introduction into the vein or muscle. Do not use during shooting competition.