Properties of peptides

Natural and synthetic peptide compounds are biologically active substrates that, depending on their amino acid sequence, perform various functions. In this article we will look at the chemical properties of peptides and learn about their benefits to the human body.

Biological and chemical properties of peptides

Peptides are chain molecules consisting of 2-100 amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. These compounds, depending on their structure, are homomeric and heteromeric, linear and cyclic. First of all, the properties of peptides depend on the number of monomer units of proteins, as well as on the structure of the molecule and its configuration in space.

All peptides are divided into 2 main groups:

• Oligopeptides (low-molecular compounds) containing up to 10 amino acid residues;
• Polypeptides (containing up to 100 fragments).

Just like amino acids, peptides have acid-base properties, that is, depending on pH, can be in aqueous solutions in the form of anions or in the form of cations, and exhibit either signs of bases or acids.

Many protein substrates are capable of forming complexes of different stability. The complexing properties of peptides are characterized by such membrane-active complexons as valinomycin, nigericin, gramicidin, etc. These antibiotic polypeptide types are able to join with alkaline cations and transfer them through biological membranes.

Useful properties of peptides

Virtually without exception, natural peptide compounds have a pronounced pharmacological effect, and therefore, their synthetic analogs are widely used as medicines. Useful properties of peptides - this is a fairly extensive list, which includes:

• Strengthening of immunity;
• Normalization of metabolic processes;
• Improvement of cognitive functions;
• Stimulation of your own growth hormone;
• Slowing down the aging process;
• Normalization of sleep;
• Correction of digestive disorders;
• Regulation of the tone of the cardiovascular system and electrolyte metabolism, etc.

Proceeding from the foregoing, the conclusion suggests that peptides are vitally important substances for the human body, responsible for the constant synthesis of protein and maintenance of its quantity at the required level. However, the effectiveness and application points of the action of these substances are very diverse and depend on their structure, size and saturation level of the receptors.